c#经典入门学习笔记-定义集合

N种编程语言中都有数组，但在C#中的数组一经定义之后就再也不能修改数组的大小，而集合恰恰弥补了这种缺憾。
如果要使用集合，不得不说CollectionBase类，该类中有接口IEnumerable、ICollection和IList。至于其中有何作用，稍后再说。
先看如何定义类：
public class Animals:CollectionBase
{
 public void Add(Animal newAnimal)
 {
  List.Add(newAnimal);
 }
 public void Remove(Animal oldAnimal)
 {
  List.Remove(oldAnimal);
 }
 public Animals()
 {
 }
}
创建的集合之后就可以使用foreach迭代，这个应该简单了。
Add(value):增加成员
Remove(value):删除成员
AddRange(valueArray):增加多个成员
RemoveAt(Index)：删除成员
IndexOf(Index):返回该位置的成员
如果要引用集合中的某个元素，可以使用索引，如newArrayList[0];
接下来看这个例子：
建立Animal.cs文件，代码：
public abstract class Animal
    {
        protected string name;
        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return name;
            }
            set
            {
                name = value;
            }
        }
        public Animal()
        {
            name = "The animal with no name.";
        }
        public Animal(string newName)
        {
            name = newName;
        }
        public void Feed()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} has been fed.", name);
        }
    }
还有Chicken.cs代码：
public class Chicken:Animal
    {
        public void LayEgg()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} has laid an egg.", name);
        }
        public Chicken(string newName)
            : base(newName)
        {
        }
    }
再加Cow.cs代码：
public class Cow:Animal
    {
        public void Milk()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} has been milked.", name);
        }
        public Cow(string newName)
            : base(newName)
        {
        }
    }
下面利用Main程序：
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Create an Array type collection of Animal" + "objects and use it:");
            Animal[] animalArray = new Animal[2];
            Cow myCow1 = new Cow("Deirdre");
            animalArray[0] = myCow1;
            animalArray[1] = new Chicken("Ken");
            foreach (Animal myAnimal in animalArray)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("New {0} object added to Array collection," + "Name={1}", myAnimal.ToString(), myAnimal.Name);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Array collection contains {0} object.", animalArray.Length);
            animalArray[0].Feed();
            ((Chicken)animalArray[1]).LayEgg();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Create an ArrayList type collection of Animal" + "objects and use it:");
            ArrayList animalArrayList=new ArrayList();
            Cow myCow2=new Cow("Hayley");
            animalArrayList.Add(myCow2);
            animalArrayList.Add(new Chicken("Roy"));
            foreach(Animal myAnimal in animalArrayList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("New{0} object added o ArrayList collection,"+" Name={1}",myAnimal.ToString(),myAnimal.Name);
             }
            Console.WriteLine("ArrayList collection contains{0} object.",animalArrayList.Count);
            ((Animal)animalArrayList [0]).Feed();
            ((Chicken)animalArrayList[1]).LayEgg();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Additional manipulation of ArrayList:");
            animalArrayList.RemoveAt(0);
            ((Animal)animalArrayList[0]).Feed();
            animalArrayList.AddRange(animalArray);
            ((Chicken)animalArrayList[2]).LayEgg();
            Console.WriteLine("The animal called{0} is at index{1}.", myCow1.Name, animalArrayList.IndexOf(myCow1));
            myCow1.Name = "Janice";
            Console.WriteLine("The animal is now called{0}.", ((Animal)animalArrayList[1]).Name);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
将若干对象添加为集合成员，别的语言中没有出现过，有了集合之后，感觉挺新颖的，但是，通过上面的程序，练习下来，感觉跟数组是一样的，没有什么大的变动，这只是书中第一节的内容，在下节里会有更强功能的体现！