行为型模式-观察者模式

        对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。

        Subject 抽象的主题，被观察的对象，提供Attach和Detach Observer对象的接口。

       ConcreteSubject具体的被观察对象，维持ConcreteSubject状态。当状态发生变化时，发送消息通知它的观察者。

       Observer：抽象的观察者，定义一个发送变化通知更新的接口。

        ConcreteObserver：具体观察者，实现抽象观察者定义的更新接口，以便在得到主题更改通知时更新自身的状态。

        观察者模式特点：降低业务逻辑耦合，将主逻辑和非主逻辑分开。但如果观察者比较多，可能会对系统的运行效率有影响，建议使用异步方式操作。在观察者模式中，观察者一般不返回结果。

结构图：

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public interface Subject
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 添加订阅者
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="observer"></param>
        void Attach(MsgObserver observer);

        /// <summary>
        /// 删除订阅者
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="observer"></param>
        void Detach(MsgObserver observer);

        /// <summary>
        /// 通知订阅者
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message"></param>
        void Notify(String message);
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 被观察者
    /// </summary>
    public class MsgSubject : Subject
    {
        private List<MsgObserver> observers = new List<MsgObserver>();

        /// <summary>
        /// 添加观察者对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="observer"></param>
        public void Attach(MsgObserver observer)
        {
            observers.Add(observer);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 移除观察者对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="observer"></param>
        public void Detach(MsgObserver observer)
        {
            observers.Remove(observer);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 通知观察者对象
        /// </summary>
        public void Notify(string message)
        {
            foreach (MsgObserver o in observers)
            {
                o.Update(message);
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 观察者
    /// </summary>
    public interface MsgObserver
    {
         void Update(string contact);
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public class AddFileLog : MsgObserver
    {
        private string subject;
        public AddFileLog(string subject)
        {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行写文件日志操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="contact"></param>
        public void Update(string contact)
        {
            string str = subject + "," + contact;
            return;
        }
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public class SendEmail : MsgObserver
    {
        private string subject;
        public SendEmail(string subject)
        {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行发邮件操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="contact"></param>
        public void Update(string contact)
        {
            string str = subject + "," + contact;
            return;
        }
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public class SendSms : MsgObserver
    {
        private string subject;
        public SendSms(string subject)
        {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行发送短信操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="contact"></param>
        public void Update(string contact)
        {
            string str = subject + "," + contact;
            return;
        }
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public class SendMessage : MsgObserver
    {
        private string subject;
        public SendMessage(string subject)
        {
            this.subject = subject;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行发送站内信操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="contact"></param>
        public void Update(string contact)
        {
            string str = subject + "," + contact;
            return;
        }
    }
}

namespace Libraries.Test.DesignPattern.Observer
{
    public class Client
    {
        public void Excute()
        {
            MsgSubject subject = new MsgSubject();
            subject.Attach(new SendSms("发送短信"));
            subject.Attach(new SendEmail("发送邮件"));
            subject.Attach(new SendMessage("发送站内信"));
            subject.Attach(new AddFileLog("添加日志"));
            subject.Notify("内容");
        }
    }
}