人脸识别facedetect的摄像头简化程序

对opencv2..4.4的例程人脸识别程序，进行了精简，只处理摄像头传来的数据，挺有意思的。

#include "opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp"	//物体检测库
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"		//图形视频处理库
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"		//brief The Image Processing

#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

void detectAndDraw( Mat& img, CascadeClassifier& cascade,
					CascadeClassifier& nestedCascade,
					double scale, bool tryflip );

string cascadeName = "haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml";				//人脸的训练数据
//string nestedCascadeName = "haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml";	//人眼的训练数据
string nestedCascadeName = "haarcascade_eye.xml";		//人眼的训练数据

int main()
{
		//参数选项定义
    CvCapture* capture = 0;		//视频获取结构
    Mat frame, frameCopy, image;	//定义矩阵
    bool tryflip = false;		//反转

    CascadeClassifier cascade, nestedCascade;	//定义级联分类器对象
    double scale = 1;

	if( !cascade.load( cascadeName ) )	//加载级联分类器（人脸）
    {
        cerr << "ERROR: Could not load classifier cascade" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
	if(!nestedCascade.load(nestedCascadeName))	//加载级联分类器（人眼）
	{
		cerr<<"ERROR: Could not load classifier nestedCascade"<<endl;
		return -1;
	}

	capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( 0 );	//读取摄像头

	cvNamedWindow( "result", 1 );		//定义显示窗口

	if( capture )	//摄像头
    {
        cout << "In capture ..." << endl;
        for(;;)
        {
			/*
				cvQueryFrame函数从摄像头或者视频文件中抓取并返回一帧。
				cvQueryFrame返回的指针总是指向同一块内存。
				建议cvQueryFrame后拷贝一份。
				而且返回的帧需要FLIP后才符合OPENCV的坐标系。
			*/
            IplImage* iplImg = cvQueryFrame( capture );		//从摄像头或文件中抓取一帧
            frame = iplImg;
            if( frame.empty() )
                break;
            if( iplImg->origin == IPL_ORIGIN_TL )
                frame.copyTo( frameCopy );		//拷贝一份
            else
                flip( frame, frameCopy, 0 );	//反转

            detectAndDraw( frameCopy, cascade, nestedCascade, scale, tryflip );		//识别并绘出

            if( waitKey( 10 ) >= 0 )	//等待，处理键盘事件
                goto _cleanup_;
        }

        waitKey(0);

_cleanup_:
        cvReleaseCapture( &capture );
	}else{
		cerr<<"Can't read from CAM";
	}

	cvDestroyWindow("result");	//销毁显示窗口，释放资源
	return 0;
}

void detectAndDraw( Mat& img, CascadeClassifier& cascade,
                    CascadeClassifier& nestedCascade,
                    double scale, bool tryflip )
{
    int i = 0;
    double t = 0;
    vector<Rect> faces, faces2;		//定义人脸容器
    const static Scalar colors[] =  { CV_RGB(0,0,255),
        CV_RGB(0,128,255),
        CV_RGB(0,255,255),
        CV_RGB(0,255,0),
        CV_RGB(255,128,0),
        CV_RGB(255,255,0),
        CV_RGB(255,0,0),
        CV_RGB(255,0,255)} ;	//定义不同的颜色表示不同的人脸

    Mat gray, smallImg( cvRound (img.rows/scale), cvRound(img.cols/scale), CV_8UC1 );	//缩小图片，加快识别速度

    cvtColor( img, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY );		//二值图（灰度图）
    resize( gray, smallImg, smallImg.size(), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR );	//将尺寸缩小到1/scale,用线性插值
    equalizeHist( smallImg, smallImg );		//使灰度图象直方图均衡化

    t = (double)cvGetTickCount();	//获取时间
	/*
		检测人脸
		detectMultiScale函数中smallImg表示的是要检测的输入图像为smallImg，faces表示检测到的人脸目标序列，
		1.1表示每次图像尺寸减小的比例为1.1，2表示每一个目标至少要被检测到3次才算是真的目标(因为周围的像素
		和不同的窗口大小都可以检测到人脸),CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE表示不是缩放分类器来检测，而是缩放图像，
		Size(30, 30)为目标的最小最大尺寸
	*/
    cascade.detectMultiScale( smallImg, faces,
        1.1, 2, 0
        //|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT
        //|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH
        |CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE,
        Size(30, 30) );			//识别多目标（人脸）

    if( tryflip )
    {
        flip(smallImg, smallImg, 1);		//反转
        cascade.detectMultiScale( smallImg, faces2,
                                 1.1, 2, 0
                                 //|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT
                                 //|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH
                                 |CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE,
                                 Size(30, 30) );
        for( vector<Rect>::const_iterator r = faces2.begin(); r != faces2.end(); r++ )
        {
            faces.push_back(Rect(smallImg.cols - r->x - r->width, r->y, r->width, r->height));	//人脸添加进容器
        }
    }
    t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t;		//时间
    printf( "detection time = %g ms\n", t/((double)cvGetTickFrequency()*1000.) );

	//绘出结果
    for( vector<Rect>::const_iterator r = faces.begin(); r != faces.end(); r++, i++ )
    {
        Mat smallImgROI;	//人眼识别区
        vector<Rect> nestedObjects;	//定义人眼容器
        Point center;
        Scalar color = colors[i%8];	//区分颜色
        int radius;

        double aspect_ratio = (double)r->width/r->height;
        if( 0.75 < aspect_ratio && aspect_ratio < 1.3 )
        {
            center.x = cvRound((r->x + r->width*0.5)*scale);	//还原成原来的大小
            center.y = cvRound((r->y + r->height*0.5)*scale);
            radius = cvRound((r->width + r->height)*0.25*scale);
            circle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );	//画圆，标示人脸
        }
        else
            rectangle( img, cvPoint(cvRound(r->x*scale), cvRound(r->y*scale)),
                       cvPoint(cvRound((r->x + r->width-1)*scale), cvRound((r->y + r->height-1)*scale)),
                       color, 3, 8, 0);			//矩形
        if( nestedCascade.empty() )
            continue;
        smallImgROI = smallImg(*r);
        nestedCascade.detectMultiScale( smallImgROI, nestedObjects,
            1.1, 2, 0
            //|CV_HAAR_FIND_BIGGEST_OBJECT
            //|CV_HAAR_DO_ROUGH_SEARCH
            //|CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING
            |CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE,
			Size(30, 30) );		//识别人眼
        for( vector<Rect>::const_iterator nr = nestedObjects.begin(); nr != nestedObjects.end(); nr++ )
        {
            center.x = cvRound((r->x + nr->x + nr->width*0.5)*scale);
            center.y = cvRound((r->y + nr->y + nr->height*0.5)*scale);
            radius = cvRound((nr->width + nr->height)*0.25*scale);
            circle( img, center, radius, color, 3, 8, 0 );	//标出人眼
        }
    }
    cv::imshow( "result", img );	//显示结果
}