[时态]四、一般过去时 英文中最大的问题是名词

[一般过去时态]

[一般过去时态的用法] 一般过去时态

        一般用来表示过去发生的动作和状态

[主、系、表构成的一般过去时态] 一般过去时态

 Tip:  主语 + be + 表语，句型在一般过去时态构成很简单，

        就是把句子里面的 "be" 变成 "was、were"。

        主语是 I 或者单数 用 was

        主语是 you 或者复数 用 were

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[一般过去时态] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

        状态型的句型(主、系、表结构) ，在一般过去时态中的构成方式，分为四个句型

①人称代词主格(主语) + was / were(be) + 形容词(表语)

②名词(主语) + was / were(be) + 形容词(表语)

③人称代词主格(主语) + was / were(be) + 名词(表语)

④名词(主语) + was / were(be) + 名词(表语)

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1.[人称代词主格(主语) + was / were(be) + 形容词(表语)] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 人称代词主格：I  you she he it we they

        时间状语：before yesterday

        [例1]：I was angry before .

        [例2]：You were busy yesterday.

        [例3]：it was dead yesterday.

        [例4]：We were dangerous before .

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2.[名词(主语) + was / were(be) + 形容词(表语)] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 名词单数用was 复数用were        一个专有名词算单数用was

        [例1]：Nick was thin before.        尼克以前瘦

        [例2]：Beijing was clean before.   

        [例3]：Nick and Jack were handsome before.

主语是可数名词单数情况，这种情况下不能单独使用，用限定词或者冠词

        [例4]：His father was busy yesterday.

        [例5]：This house was dirty yesterday.

        [例6]：The book was cheap before.

主语是可数名词复数情况，可以直接做主语，强调泛指。如果是特指，也需要冠词、限定词

        [例7]：His students were busy yesterday.

        [例8]：Computers were expensive before.

主语是不可数名词的情况，属于单数概念，用was，强调泛指。如果是特指，也需要冠词、限定词

        [例9]：Oil was cheap before.

        [例7]：The water was clean ysesterday.

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3.[人称代词主格(主语) + was / were(be) + 名词(表语)] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 名词做表语通常要考虑到逻辑问题，比如如果是 happiness 抽象名词开心

I was happiness.不符合逻辑，翻译 我之前是开心 逻辑错误

        [例1]：I was a guide before.

        [例2]：You were teachers before.

        [例3]：She was Nick's nanny befor.        她以前是尼克的保姆

        [例4]：He was a soldier before.

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4.[名词(主语) + was / were(be) + 名词(表语)] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 主要是注意，可数名词不能单独出现、可数名词单数用was，复数用were，不可数名词用was。像这种两个名词的，尽量一个是表示人的一个是表示职业的

        [例1]：Nick was a teacher before.

        [例2]：Nicl and Jack were farmers before.

        [例3]：My sister was a worker before.

        [例4]：Her classmate was a boss before.

        [例5]：These woman were nurses before.

        [例6]：The building was a library before.

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 [一般疑问句] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 只要把肯定句中的 be(was、were)移到句首 即可

        [例1]：I was a teacher before.

        [例1]：Were you a teacher before ?

        [例1]：Yes，I was.        No，I wasn't.

        [例2]：She was pretty before.

        [例2]：Was she pretty before ?

        [例2]：Yes，she was.        No，she wasn't.

        [例3]：You were great before.

        [例3]：Were you great before?

        [例3]：Yes，I was.        No，I wasn't.

        [例4]：We were students before.        我们以前是学生

        [例4]：Were you students before ?        你们以前是学生吗？

        [例4]：Yes，we were.        No，we weren't.

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[否定句] 主系表结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 规则很简单，只需要在was、were后面加一个否定词not就可以了

was not = wasn't        were not = weren't

        [例1]：Nick was a teacher before.

        [例1]：Nick was not / wasn't a teacher before.

        [例2]：Nicl and Jack were farmers before.

        [例2]：Nicl and Jack were not / weren't farmers before.

        [例3]：My sister was a worker before.

        [例3]：My sister was not a worker before.

        [例4]：Her classmate was a boss before.

        [例4]：Her classmate was not a boss before.

        [例5]：The building was a library before.

        [例5]：The building was not a library before.

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[主、谓、宾构成的一般过去时态] 一般过去时态

 Tip:  主语 + 谓语 + 宾语，句型在一般过去时态构成很简单，

        只要把谓语动词变过去式就可以了

[一般过去时态] 主谓宾结构的一般过去时态

        动作型的句型(主、谓、宾结构) ，在一般过去时态中的构成方式，分为四个句型

①人称代词主格(主语) + 不及物动词过去式(谓语) + 过去的时间状语

②名词(主语) + 不及物动词过去式(谓语) + 过去的时间状语

③人称代词主格(主语) + 及物动词过去式(谓语) + 宾语 + 过去的时间状语

④名词(主语) + 及物动词过去式(谓语) + 宾语 + 过去的时间状语

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1.[人称代词主格(主语) + 不及物动词过去式(谓语) + 过去的时间状语] 主谓宾结构的一般过去时态 

  Tip: I you she he it we they

        [例1]：I bathed three days ago.        我三天前洗澡了

        [例2]：She died in 2006.        她2006年去世了

        [例3]：We slept last night.        我们昨晚睡觉

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2.[名词(主语) + 不及物动词过去式(谓语) + 过去的时间状语] 主谓宾结构的一般过去时态

          [例1]：Nick worked last night.

          [例2]：Nick and Jack worked in 2008.

          [例3]：Her father died 10 years ago.

          [例4]：Our friend ran this morning.

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 3.[人称代词主格(主语) + 及物动词过去式(谓语) + 宾语 + 过去的时间状语] 主谓宾结构的一般过去时态

          [例1]：I baked potatoes yesterday.

          [例2]：You believed your girlfriend last night.

          [例3]：She borrowed money last night.

          [例4]：He bought a car three years ago.

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 4.[名词(主语) + 及物动词过去式(谓语) + 宾语 + 过去的时间状语] 主谓宾结构的一般过去时态

          [例1]：Nick baked corn last week.        corn玉米 不可数名词

          [例2]：His friend borrowed rice before.

          [例3]：The boss bought a house yesterday.

          [例4]：Lily and Lucy believed me last night.

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[一般疑问句]  主谓宾结构的一般过去时态

 Tip: 只要在句首加助动词 "did"，再把谓语动词变回原型

          [例1]：I worked before.

          [例1]：Did you work before ?

          [例1]：Yes，I did.        No，I didn't.

          [例2]：I read books yesterday.        read的原型和过去式一样

          [例2]：Did you read books yesterday.

          [例2]：Yes，I did.        No，I didn't.

          [例3]：She spoke Mandarin before.

          [例3]：Did she speak Mandarin before ?

          [例3]：Yes，she did.        No，she  didn't.

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[否定句]  主谓宾结构的一般过去时态 

 Tip: 在谓语动词前面加助动词 "did" 的否定形式 "didn't"，再把谓语动词变原型

          [例1]：I read books yesterday.

          [例1]：I didn't read books yesterday.

          [例2]：I worked before.

          [例2]：I didn't work before.

          [例3]：She spoke Mandarin before.

          [例3]：She didn't speak Mandarin before.

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[时间状语] 一般过去时态

 Tip: 一般过去时态需要加上表示过去的时间状语，可以直接使用一些表示过去的时间副词

yesterday 昨天	just now 刚才
the day before yesterday 前天	before 以前

        [例1]：I was hungry just now.        我刚才饿了

注意：除了上述简单的时间状语，大部分表示过去的时间状语都是由

                介词或者副词跟其他词语构成的：

①由副词 "ago" (...前)构成，在 "ago" 前面加上表示时间的词语，构成方式如下：

one / a / an + 表示时间的名词单数 + ago

数词 + 表示时间的名词的复数 + ago

        [例1]：I was poor ten years ago.

        [例2]：I was busy a week ago.

second	minute	hour
morning	noon 中午	afternoon
evening 傍晚	night	day / year
week	month	season

②由介词 "in" (在)构成，在 "in" 的后面加上一个表示过去年份的数词：

        [例1]：in 2015 = 2015年

        [例2]：I was young in 1988.        1988年，我年轻

③由副词 "last" (上一个)构成，last + 表示时间的的名词的单数：

        [例1]：last hour        上一小时

        [例2]：last week