[2] 语法课 名词性从句1

名词性从句 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 同位语从句 4. 表语从句

主语 -> 主语从句

1. Difficulty makes you stronger.

2. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.

3. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow.

and 并列句

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宾语 -> 宾语从句

1. I know the story.

2. I know that you can’t be beaten.

3. Thorpe found that, if he raised young males in total isolation from all others, the song they produced was quite different from that of a normal adult.

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表语 -> 表语从句

1. I am a teacher.

2. One hypothesis that has received at least some investigation is that housing policies in Europe and Japan increase the costs of residential, and therefore job mobility.

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同位语 同位语的作⽤

Tina, a smart lady, is my sister.  [ 解释主语 ]

I like Tina, a smart lady.  [ 解释宾语 ]

She is my teacher Tina. [ ⽤单词解释表语 ]

This is Tina, a smart lady. [ 解释表语 ]

Traditional shrines of Shinto, the native religion of Japan, and many residential buildings continued to be built in the rottable, replaceable style that accommodated religious concerns and taboos, while city gates, major government buildings, and Buddhist temples were built in the continental fashion that met the need for permanence and grandeur.

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同位语从句 对抽象名词的解释，如 the news, fact, suggestion, idea 等。

The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading ; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders.

but 转折 并列句子

找主干：重点找名词

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同位语从句与定语从句

Instead of 24 cameras taking one pictures in rapid order, it was Thomas Edison and his assistant , William Dickson, who finally developed what might have been the first practical motion-picture camera and viewing device, Edison was apparently trying to provide a visual counterpart to his recently invented phonograph.

Since the pioneering work of W. H. Thorpe on chaffinches (a common European bird), many species have been studied, and it has become clear both that learning plays an important role for all species and also that there are constraints on what they are able to learn.

both and 并列

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连接词 that whether if

用法	that 从句	whether 从句	if 从句
翻译意思	×	√	√
担任成分	×	×	×
省略	有时可	×	×
引导名词性从句	所有	所有	宾从 / 非句首的 主从
位置	无特殊	可句首	主句谓语动词后
接不定式		√
动词 wonder	√	√	√
doubt 肯定 “怀疑，不知道”	“强烈不信” 陈述可用	√	√
否定 don't doubt 疑问 Do you doubt	√	×	×
no matter 动词	× 无特殊	√ see,ask,try,wonder,know等动词后

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练习        选择用 question, 难题用problem

1. 主语从句

1）他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。

        That he survived the accident is a miracle.

2）他是否来不得⽽知。

        It is doubtful whether he is coming.

3）她来不来都没有关系。

        Whether she comes or not makes no difference.

2. 表语从句

问题是我们不能很早到那⾥

        The problem is (that) we can't get there early enough.

问题是是否值得尝试。

        The question is whether it is worth trying.

3. 宾语从句 [ 介词的宾语从句 ]

我还没有决定是否把钱借给他。

        I haven't settled the question of whether I'll lend him the money.

4.同位语从句

他是否应该加⼊团队这个问题还没有决定。

        The question whether he should join the team has not been determined upon.

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关系代词

who        whom        whose        whoever

what        which        whatever

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关系副词

when ( the time when ) 

        Fall is when fruits become ripe.

        I remeber when it used to be a quiet village.

where (the place where)

        That's where he used to live.

how (the way in which)

        The question is how we can get the loan.

        How he is going to do it is a mystery.

why (the reason in which)

        We didn't know why she didn't come.

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but        but that        but what

用于 no doubt 和 not deny 之后 等于 that

        There can be no doubt but that it is the best choice

        I can't not deny but what it is an urgent matter.

用于特殊疑问句中或否定词之后，等于 that ... not

        Who knows but that it may be true?

        Who knows that it may not be true?

but that 可以引导条件状语从句

        but that 若不是，相当于 if从句，主句常用虚拟语气

        But that she aided me, I might have gone bankrupt

        If she hadn't aided me ...

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课堂练习及作业

  找主语

主语 -> 主语从句

1. Difficulty makes you stronger.

2. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.

3. Rainfall was limited, and what water there was rushed across the plain in the annual flood of melted snow.

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找宾语

宾语 -> 宾语从句

1. I know the story.

2. I know that you can’t be beaten.

3. Thorpe found that, if he raised young males in total isolation from all others, the song they produced was quite different from that of a normal adult.

翻译：

Thorpe 发现如何他把年轻的雄性与其他隔离，他们产生的声音与普通成年雄性的声音完全不同

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找表语

表语 -> 表语从句

1. I am a teacher.

2. One hypothesis that has received at least some investigation is that housing policies in Europe and Japan increas-e the costs of residential, and therefore job mobility.   

residential  adj. 住宅的;提供住宿的;

received  adj. 被承认的;被一致认可的  v. 收到;受到

翻译：

至少已经收到了一些调查的假说，欧洲和日本的住房政策提高了居住的成本和工作流动性

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找同位语

Traditional shrines of Shinto, the native religion of Japan, and many residential buildings continued to be built in the rottable, replaceable style that accommodated religious concerns and taboos, while city gates, major government buildings, and Buddhist temples were built in the continental fashion that met the need for permanence and grandeur.

taboo  n. 禁忌;(文化或宗教习俗方面的)忌讳;禁止

grandeur  n. 宏伟;伟大;壮丽;高贵;显赫;堂皇

翻译：

传统的 shrines of Shinto 日本的本土宗教，和许多住宅的建筑持续被建造成易腐蚀的、可替换的风格，这种风格考虑宗教事务和禁忌。而城市的大门，主要是政府建筑和庙宇建筑被建造成大陆时尚风格这满足了永久和宏伟的需求

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找同位语

同位语从句 对抽象名词的解释，如 the news, fact, suggestion, idea 等。

The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading ; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders.

shepherd n. 牧羊人;羊倌

confederacies n. 联盟;联邦;同盟 confederacy的复数

翻译：

独立行业的发展被 不是国内工艺品制造的而是主要从海外市场来的过量商品 促进的，政府让这些工人自己管理自己，就像部落联盟的牧羊人被他们的领导单独留下了一样

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找同位语

同位语从句与定语从句

Instead of 24 cameras taking one pictures in rapid order, it was Thomas Edison and his assistant , William Dickson, who finally developed what might have been the first practical motion-picture camera and viewing device, Edison was apparently trying to provide a visual counterpart to his recently invented phonograph.

practical  adj. 实际的;适用的;切实可行的;

phonograph  n. 留声机

翻译：

而不是用24个相机一快速的次序拍一张照片，Thomas Edison和他的助手William Dickson最终发明了一个可能时第一台实用的运动图像捕捉相机和关观看设备，很明显Edison试图提供一个视觉上的对应物在他最近发明的留声机

Since the pioneering work of W. H. Thorpe on chaffinches (a common European bird), many species have been studied, and it has become clear both that learning plays an important role for all species and also that there are constraints on what they are able to learn.

翻译：

自从W. H. Thorp在chaffinche(一种欧洲的鸟)上的开创性工作，许多物种被研究，很明显学习在所有物种上都扮演者重要的角色，并且学习能力也有所限制

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练习

that        whether        if

1. 主语从句

1）他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。

        That he survived the accident is a miracle.

2）他是否来不得⽽知。

        It is doubtful whether he is coming.

3）她来不来都没有关系。

        Whether she comes or not makes no difference.

2. 表语从句  表语从句 that 可以省略

选择用 question, 难题用 problem

问题是我们不能很早到那⾥

        The problem is (that) we can' get there early enough.

问题是是否值得尝试

        The question is whether it is worth trying.

3. 宾语从句

我还没有决定是否把钱借给他。(介词的宾语从句)

      I haven't settled the question of whether  I'll lend him the money.

4.同位语从句

他是否应该加⼊团队这个问题还没有决定。

        The question whether he should join the team has not determined upon.