目录
[ 比较级、最高级 ]
1. A<>B
A + "be" + 形容词比较级 + than + B
My book is cheaper than yours.
I am not taller than he.
2. A = B
A + "be" + as + 形容词原级 + as + B
She is as fat as me.
3. 最高级
A + "be" + the + 形容词最高级 + 范围
He is the most famous in China.
[ 系动词 ]
be am is are was were been being
1. 表示状态
keep 保持 stay 保持 look 看起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来
sound 听起来 feel 觉得、感觉 appear 看来好像 seem 好像是
remain 仍然是 continue 仍旧、保持 prove 证明是
The rose smells good.
2. 表示结果
become 成为 turn 变为 get 变得 grow 变得 go 变成、进入...状态
come 成为、证实为 fall 变成 run 变成、进入...状态
The milk will go bad.
[ 助动词 ]
be(am、is、are) do(did、does) have(has、had) will would shall should
1. 用来构成时态
I am working now. 我现在正在工作
2. 用来构成问句
Do you love me?
3. 用来构成否定句
I did not love you. 我之前不爱你
[ 情态动词 ]
can could may might should must have to dare needn't
had batter ought to be able to
情态动词 + 动词原形
You are hungry.
You must be hungry. 你肯定饿了
[ 一般现在时 ] 单三
1. 主系表 [ 主语 + "be" + 表语 ]
The teachers are busy.
否定句 + not
They are not famers.
一般疑问句 "be" 提前
Are you students?
2. 主谓宾 [ 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ]
My classmates buy new clothes every year.
一般疑问句 Do 助动词提前
Do you read books every day? 助动词构成问句
否定句 do + not
I don't bake potatoes every day. 助动词构成否定句
3. 主谓宾单三 [ 主语 + 动词第三人称单数 + 宾语 ] do - does - did
The doctor believes his nurse.
一般疑问句 Does 助动词提前
Does your father like wine?
否定句 does + not
The dog doesn't bark every day.
4. 一般现在时 时间状语
every day on sunday in the morning
5. 一般现在时 频度副词
always often usually sometimes seldom occasionally never
Do you always get up late?
She is often hard-working.
I never drink wine.
[ 一般过去时 ] -ed
1. 主系表 [ 主语 + was / were + 表语 ]
My sister was a worker before. 我姐姐以前是一名工人
否定句 was / were + not
We were not students before. 我们以前不是学生
一般疑问句 was / were 提前
Was she pretty before? 她以前漂亮吗
2. 主谓宾 [ 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 ] do - does - did
I bathed last night. 我昨晚睡觉了
一般疑问句 did 提前
Did she borrow money last month? 上个月她借钱了吗？
否定句 did + not
I didn't read books yesterday. 我昨天没有看书
3. 一般过去时 时间状语
yesterday just now the day before yesterday before
an hour ago one year ago in 2018 last night this morning that day
[ 一般将来时 ] will be、be going to
1. [ will be ]
1.1 主系表 [ 主语 + will + be + 表语 ] will 助动词用来构成时态 won't = will not
Her husband will be a driver in the future. 她丈夫未来将要做司机
一般疑问句 Will 提前
Will she be his wife tomorrow? 她明天会成为他的妻子吗？
否定句 will not be
I won't be a teather next year. 我明年不做老师
1.2 主谓宾 [ 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 宾语 ]
You will borrow a car tomorrow. 你明天会借一辆车
一般疑问句 Will 提前
Will you write a composition tomorrow? 你明天写一篇作文吗？
否定句 will not + 动词原形
I will not live here next year. 我明年不住这里
2. [ "be" going to ]
2.1 主系表 [ 主语 + "be" going to + be + 表语 ]
I am going to be a manager next year. 我明年将要做经理
否定句 "be" not + going to + be
You are not going to be beautiful tomorrow. 你明天不会变漂亮
一般疑问句 "be" 提前
Are you going to be rich in the future? 你们将来会有钱吗？
2.2 主谓宾 [ 主语 + "be" going to + 动词原形 + 宾语 ]
She is going to find a job this summer. 今年夏天她会找到工作
一般疑问句 "be" 提前
Are you going to buy a house next year? 你明年买房吗？
否定句 "be" not + going to + 动词原形
I am not going to write a composition tomorrow. 我明天不写作文
3. 一般将来时 时间状语
tomorrow tonight next week next year after 5:30 after 20 years old after 2017
in a week 一周之后 in a few days in three minutes
[ 现在进行时 ] "be" doing
1. 主谓宾 [ 主语 + "be" + 动词现在分词 + 宾语 ] be 助动词用来构成时态
I am working now. 我正在工作
一般疑问句 "be" 提前
Are you studing? 你正在学习吗
否定句 "be" + not + 动词现在分词
We are not playing a game. 我们没有在玩游戏
2. 注意
see -> look at
I am looking at you. 我正在看着你
hear -> listen to
I am listening to music. 我正在听音乐
3. 特殊用法
3.1 表达一段时间正在进行的动作
- What's he doing this week? 这个星期他在干嘛？
- He is writing a book. 他在写一本书
3.2 表达感情色彩
Your mother always giues you money. 你妈妈经常给你钱
Your mother is always giving you money. 你妈妈总是给你钱(羡慕嫉妒)
3.3 表达计划安排或即将发生
She is leaving for Beijing. 她即将前往北京
3. 被动语态 [ "be" + being + 动词过去分词 ]
When he will be your partner is being considered.
他何时成为你的伴侣正在考虑之中。
[ 现在完成时 ]
用法1 强调动作状态的延续 延续到现在 停止了
我已经学习英语十年了 延续性动词
She has slept since last night. 自从昨晚她一直在睡觉
用法2 强调对现在的影响
I have already known the story. 我已经知道这个故事
She has never seen the sea. 她从来没看过海
He has just come. 他刚来
1. 主系表 [ 主语 + have / has + been + 表语 ]
I have been a teacher for 9 years. 我做教师九年了
一般疑问句 have / has 提前
Have you been busy?
否定句 have / has + not + been
She hasn't been a nurse.
2. 主谓宾 [ 主语 + have / has + 动词过去式 + 宾语 ]
The leaves have fallen on the ground. 叶子已经落到地上了
一般疑问句 have / has 提前
Have you worked here?
否定句 have / has + not + 动词过去式
She hasn't baked potatoes.
被动句 [ has / have + been (助动词) + 动词过去分词 ]
When the man was harmed sexually hasn't been found out.
这名男子何时受到性伤害尚未查明
3. 现在完成时 时间状语
for a week for a year since 1998 since 10 years old
[ there be 句型 ]
在什么地方，有什么事
[ There "be" + 主语 + 地点状语 / 时间状语 ]
There are forty students in out class. 我们班有40个学生
否定句 There "be" + not / any / no + 主语 + 状语
There is no dictionary on the desk. 桌子上没有词典
一般疑问句 "be" 提前
Are there ten people in the room. 房间里有10个人吗？
1. 一般现在时态 there be
There is / are + 名词 + 地点状语 + 现在时态时间状语
2. 一般过去时态 there be
There was / were + 名词 + 地点状语 + 过去时态时间状语
3. 一般将来时态 there be
There will be + 名词 + 地点状语 + 将来时态时间状语
There is / are going to be + 名词 + 地点状语 + 将来时态时间状语
4. 现在完成时态 there be
There has / have been + 名词 + 地点状语 + 完成时态时间状语
[ 特殊疑问句 ]
[ 疑问词 + 一般疑问句 / 一般疑问句结构 ]
疑问词充当特殊疑问句中成分
where what why which when how
who whom whose
[ where ]
1. 地点状语
Where + [ 对应时态的一般疑问句 ]
2. 表语
Where + [ 对应时态的一般疑问句去掉表语 ]
[ what ]
1. 宾语 2. 表语
[ why ]
1. 原因状语 2. 主语
[ 被动语态 ] 被动语态没有宾语
[ 助动词be + 及物动词过去分词 ]
1. 一般现在时态 被动句
is / are / am (助动词) + 动词过去分词
2. 一般过去时态被动句
was / were (助动词) + 动词过去分词
3. 一般将来时态 被动句
will + be (助动词) + 动词过去分词
"be" + going + to + be (助动词) + 动词过去分词
4. 现在进行时 被动句
"be" + being + 动词过去分词
5. 现在完成时态 被动句
has / have + been (助动词) + 动词过去分词
[ 过去进行时态 ] was / were doing
主谓宾 [ 主语 + was / were + 动词现在分词 + 宾语 ]
The man was drawing a picture at 9:00 this afternoon.
否定句 was / were + not + 动词现在分词
He was not watching TV.
一般疑问句 was / were 提到句首
Was she watching TV ?
被动语态：[ 主语 + was / were + being + 动词过去分词 ]
He was being beaten at that time.
[ 过去将来时态 ]
过去将来时态就是过去的某个时间谈论的一个计划：
上周，你说你将要买房子
1. [ would be ]
1.1 主系表 [ 主语 + would + be + 表语 ]
Her husband would be a driver.
否定句 would not be
I would not be a teather.
1.2 主谓宾 [ 主语 + would + 动词原形 + 宾语 ]
I would study English.
否定句 would not + 动词原形
I would not study English.
被动语态：[ 主语 + would + be + 动词过去分词 ]
Ten years ago you said you would be chosen by her.
2. [ was / were going to ]
2.1 主系表 [ 主语 + was / were going to + be + 表语 ]
I was going to be a manager.
否定句 was / were not + going to + be
You were not going to be beautiful.
2.2 主谓宾 [ 主语 + was / were going to + 动词原形 + 宾语 ]
You were going to study English.
否定句
You were not going to study English.
被动语态：[ 主语 + was / were going to + be + 动词过去分词 ]
Ten years ago you said you were going to be chosen by her.
[ 过去完成时态 ]
用法1 从过去的一个时间点延续到另一个过去的时间点：
到上周为止，我做教师九年了
用法2 表达动作在过去的时间停止了，但影响过去的时间点
在过去的xxx时候，我已经xxx了
1. 主系表 [ 主语 + had + been + 表语 ]
I had been a teacher for 9 years by lasr week. 到上周为止，我做教师九年了
一般疑问句 had 提前
Had you been busy?
否定句 had + not + been
She hadn't been a nurse.
2. 主谓宾 [ 主语 + had + 动词过去式 + 宾语 ]
The leaves had fallen on the ground. 叶子已经落到地上了
I had learned English for 10 years by last week.
到上周为止，我已经学了10年英语了
一般疑问句 had 提前
Had you worked here?
否定句 had + not + 动词过去式
She hadn't baked potatoes.
被动语态：[ 主语 + had + been + 动词过去式 ]
He had been killed when the police opened the door.
[ 现在完成进行时态 ]
动作发生在过去一直持续到现在，强调一直，并且还有继续下去的趋势
从过去时间开始，我一直xxx
[ 主语 + have / has + been + 动词的现在分词 + 宾语 ]
The delivery guy has been helping the lady.
一般疑问句 have / has 提前
Has the delivery guy been helping the lady.
否定句 have / has + not + been
The delivery guy has not been helping the lady.
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