python识别简单的验证码

此文为自己学习归纳总结：

看此文前提有一定的python经验，忘记此文是从哪里找到的。要是楼主看到勿喷。

安装相关依赖：例如：pip install 依赖包

执行以下代码即可，如下：识别率低，且图片验证码上不能有干扰线

# 识别简单的验证码，，只能识别无干扰线的验证码图

from PIL import Image
from pytesseract import *
from fnmatch import fnmatch
import cv2
import os
import time


def clear_border(img, img_name):
    '''
    去除边框
    '''

    filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-clearBorder.jpg'
    h, w = img.shape[:2]
    for y in range(0, w):
        for x in range(0, h):
            # if y ==0 or y == w -1 or y == w - 2:
            if y < 4 or y > w - 4:
                img[x, y] = 255
            # if x == 0 or x == h - 1 or x == h - 2:
            if x < 4 or x > h - 4:
                img[x, y] = 255

    cv2.imwrite(filename, img)
    return img


def interference_line(img, img_name):
    '''
  干扰线降噪
  '''

    filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-interferenceline.jpg'
    h, w = img.shape[:2]
    # ！！！opencv矩阵点是反的
    # img[1,2] 1:图片的高度，2：图片的宽度
    for y in range(1, w - 1):
        for x in range(1, h - 1):
            count = 0
            if img[x, y - 1] > 245:
                count = count + 1
            if img[x, y + 1] > 245:
                count = count + 1
            if img[x - 1, y] > 245:
                count = count + 1
            if img[x + 1, y] > 245:
                count = count + 1
            if count > 2:
                img[x, y] = 255
    cv2.imwrite(filename, img)
    return img


def interference_point(img, img_name, x=0, y=0):
    """
    点降噪
    9邻域框,以当前点为中心的田字框,黑点个数
    :param x:
    :param y:
    :return:
    """
    filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-interferencePoint.jpg'
    # todo 判断图片的长宽度下限
    cur_pixel = img[x, y]  # 当前像素点的值
    height, width = img.shape[:2]

    for y in range(0, width - 1):
        for x in range(0, height - 1):
            if y == 0:  # 第一行
                if x == 0:  # 左上顶点,4邻域
                    # 中心点旁边3个点
                    sum = int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y + 1])
                    if sum <= 2 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                elif x == height - 1:  # 右上顶点
                    sum = int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y + 1])
                    if sum <= 2 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                else:  # 最上非顶点,6邻域
                    sum = int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) \
                          + int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y + 1])
                    if sum <= 3 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
            elif y == width - 1:  # 最下面一行
                if x == 0:  # 左下顶点
                    # 中心点旁边3个点
                    sum = int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x, y - 1])
                    if sum <= 2 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                elif x == height - 1:  # 右下顶点
                    sum = int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y - 1])

                    if sum <= 2 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                else:  # 最下非顶点,6邻域
                    sum = int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y - 1])
                    if sum <= 3 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
            else:  # y不在边界
                if x == 0:  # 左边非顶点
                    sum = int(img[x, y - 1]) \
                          + int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y + 1])

                    if sum <= 3 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                elif x == height - 1:  # 右边非顶点
                    sum = int(img[x, y - 1]) \
                          + int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y + 1])

                    if sum <= 3 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
                else:  # 具备9领域条件的
                    sum = int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x, y - 1]) \
                          + int(cur_pixel) \
                          + int(img[x, y + 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y]) \
                          + int(img[x + 1, y + 1])
                    if sum <= 4 * 245:
                        img[x, y] = 0
    cv2.imwrite(filename, img)
    return img


def _get_dynamic_binary_image(filedir, img_name):
    '''
  自适应阀值二值化
  '''

    filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-binary.jpg'
    img_name = filedir + '/' + img_name
    print('.....' + img_name)
    im = cv2.imread(img_name)
    im = cv2.cvtColor(im, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    th1 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(im, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 21, 1)
    cv2.imwrite(filename, th1)
    return th1


def main():
    filedir = './images'

    for file in os.listdir(filedir):
        if fnmatch(file, '*.png'):
            img_name = file

            # 自适应阈值二值化
            im = _get_dynamic_binary_image(filedir, img_name)

            # 去除边框
            im = clear_border(im, img_name)

            # 对图片进行干扰线降噪
            im = interference_line(im, img_name)

            # 对图片进行点降噪
            im = interference_point(im, img_name)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

    # 图片识别率只有40%左右，只能识别最简单的验证码，带有干扰线的则不能识别
    time.sleep(2)
    im = Image.open('./out_img/code-interferencePoint.jpg')
    code = image_to_string(im).strip()
    print('验证码识别结果:' + code)