Java学习之SSM环境搭建
- SSM基础配置
- ApplicationContext与DispatcherServlet的关系
- ApplicationContext.xml中对数据库的配置
- DispatcherServlet.xml中对数据类型的转换
- Mybatis的相关配置
- Controller的相关配置
SSM基础配置
1.创建一个基于WebApp的Maven项目。
2.在Maven的引入文件pom.xml中导入如下的包:
spring-context
spring-core
spring-web
spring-webmvc
spring-aop
spring-jdbc
spring-beans
spring-txcommons-dbcp2 读取数据库配置需要使用
log4j 打印日志需要的
使用Mybatis相关的包
mybatis
mybatis-spring
mysql-connector-java
下面是json与对象互转相关的包
fastjson
jackson-core
jackson-databind
3.web.xml的配置
命名空间
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
</web-app>
引入ApplicationContext
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
引入DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
ApplicationContext与DispatcherServlet的关系
ApplicationContext对于一个web应用来说是唯一的,它由ContextLoaderListener进行实现。
ContextLoaderListener 实现了 ServletContextListener 接口,所以 ContextLoaderListener 在 Web 容器启动时,默认执行它实现的方法,通过调用 ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext() 自动装配 applicationContext.xml 中的配置,构建起一个在整个 web 应用生命周期中都可以获取到的上下文。这个上下文用于对底层及中间模块的定义,比如 service/dao/mapper层的组件,或者全局使用的Object。1
WebApplicationContext 继承自ApplicationContext,可以看做是 ApplicationContext 的一个子集。Spring Web 应用中每个 DispatcherServlet 都对应一个独立的 WebApplicationContext。 当ContextLoaderListener 和 DispatcherServlet 一起使用时,ContextLoaderListener 会先创建一个根 ApplicationContext,然后 DispatcherServlet 创建的 WebApplicationContext 则会绑定到根 ApplicationContext 之下。通常为了将 Web 层模块与底层业务模块分离,提供更高细粒度的注入控制,在 WebApplicationContext 中只会定义 web 相关的模块,如 Controller, ViewResolver 或 handlers。(每个 DispatcherServlet 是相互独立的)。1
因此,ApplicationContext.xml中扫描配置时不扫描注解为@Controller的部分:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yuqian">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
而DispatcherServlet.xml扫描时,包含@Controller的部分:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yuqian.controllers">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
ApplicationContext.xml中对数据库的配置
关于数据库的连接参数,因为需要修改,所以单独提出来,创建了jdbc.properties的文件中:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/School
jdbc.userName=root
jdbc.password=123456
数据库的配置属于全局的,整个项目都需要使用的东西,所以配置放在ApplicationContext.xml中:
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:jdbc.properties" />
<!--读取数据库配置-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.userName}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
DispatcherServlet.xml中对数据类型的转换
Controller中的接口,对用户数据的接收及对请求的响应,需要将对象转化为Json:
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
需将对象自动转化为Json的类需实现Serializable接口
Mybatis的相关配置
在ApplicationContext.xml中:
<!--配置mybatis的路径-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/yuqian/mapper/*.xml" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--DAO接口所在的包名-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.yuqian.DAO" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!--事务相关的部分-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
在mapper包下创建基于表相应的xml映射文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.yuqian.DAO.StudentMapper">
<resultMap id="BasicColumnMap" type="com.yuqian.beans.StudentDTO">
<id column="u_id" property="uId" jdbcType="INTEGER"></id>
<result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
<result column="s_address" property="address" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="s_contact" property="contact" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="s_name" property="sName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
<select id="queryStudentById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="java.lang.String">
select s_name from student where u_id = #{uId,jdbcType=BIGINT}
</select>
<select id="queryStudentsByMinId" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="BasicColumnMap">
select u_id,age, s_contact,s_name,s_address from student where u_id >= #{uId,jdbcType=INTEGER}
</select>
</mapper>
而相应的接口:com.yuqian.DAO.StudentMapper定义如下:
package com.yuqian.DAO;
import com.yuqian.beans.StudentDTO;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {
List<String> queryStudentById(Integer uId);
List<StudentDTO> queryStudentsByMinId(Integer uId);
}
Controller的相关配置
需添加@Controller注解
指定访问路径:@RequestMapping(“/student”) —可省略
如果是接口,一定要添加 @ResponseBody的注解(注意不是@RequestBody)
实例如下所示:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
@Resource
private StudentService studentService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/queryName",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Map<String,List> queryName(@RequestParam(value = "uId",required = true) int uId){
List<String> names = studentService.queryStudentById(uId);
Map<String,List> results = new HashMap<String, List>();
results.put("names",names);
return results;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/queryStudents",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Map<String,List<StudentDTO>> queryStudents(@RequestParam(value = "uId",required = true) int uId){
List<StudentDTO> studentDTOS = studentService.queryStudentsByMinId(uId);
Map<String,List<StudentDTO>> results = new HashMap<String, List<StudentDTO>>();
results.put("names",studentDTOS);
return results;
}
}