为了防止忘记,我就保存了这个blog
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x = 'abc'
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def fetcher(obj, index):
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return obj[index]
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fetcher(x, 4)
输出:
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File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
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fetcher(x, 4)
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File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
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return obj[index]
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IndexError: string index out of range
第一: try不仅捕获异常,而且会恢复执行
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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except:
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print "got exception"
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print "continuing"
输出:
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got exception
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continuing
第二:无论try是否发生异常,finally总会执行
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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finally:
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print 'after fecth'
输出:
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after fecth
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "test.py", line 55, in <module>
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catcher()
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File "test.py", line 12, in catcher
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fetcher(x, 4)
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File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
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return obj[index]
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IndexError: string index out of range
第三:try无异常,才会执行else
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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except:
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print "got exception"
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else:
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print "not exception"
输出:
got exception
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 2)
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except:
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print "got exception"
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else:
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print "not exception"
输出:
not exception
else作用:没有else语句,当执行完try语句后,无法知道是没有发生异常,还是发生了异常并被处理过了。通过else可以清楚的区分开。
第四:利用raise传递异常
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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except:
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print "got exception"
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raise
输出:
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got exception
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "test.py", line 37, in <module>
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catcher()
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File "test.py", line 22, in catcher
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fetcher(x, 4)
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File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
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return obj[index]
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IndexError: string index out of range
raise语句不包括异常名称或额外资料时,会重新引发当前异常。如果希望捕获处理一个异常,而又不希望
异常在程序代码中消失,可以通过raise重新引发该异常。
第五:except(name1, name2)
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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except(TypeError, IndexError):
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print "got exception"
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else:
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print "not exception"
捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。
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def catcher():
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try:
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fetcher(x, 4)
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except:
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print "got exception"