tack2数据挖掘学习记录

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 16:52:22 发布

weiruia

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 16:52:22 发布

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文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weiruia/article/details/105080072

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Task1&2 赛题理解

很开心能够参加Datawhale赛事专题学习
零基础入门数据挖掘课程
让我开始从零接触数据挖掘工程的工作
赛题以预测二手车的交易价格为任务，数据集报名后可见并可下载
二、评测标准
评价标准为MAE(Mean Absolute Error)。

MAE越小，说明模型预测得越准确。
简略的学习了此次的比赛内容和比赛要求之后，我便开始报名，下载数据集，开始我的数据挖掘学习；
Task1 的主要内容的了解数据挖掘如何去挖掘，分析

此题为传统的数据挖掘问题，通过数据科学以及机器学习深度学习的办法来进行建模得到结果。
此题是一个典型的回归问题。
主要应用xgb、lgb、catboost，以及pandas、numpy、matplotlib、seabon、sklearn、keras等等数据挖掘常用库或者框架来进行数据挖掘任务。
通过EDA来挖掘数据的联系和自我熟悉数据。

阅读题目分析：

数据挖掘的主要工作：在于对大量的数据利用机器学习的方法进行建模处理（个人认为就是通过大量的数据分析，用相应的方法找出特定属性之间的关系）
此题是对二手车的交易价格进行预测，是典型的回归问题
开始我并不了解相关的pandas,numpy等库的具体应用，安装python3.8版本之后，我还得一个个对于的用pip install 找到对应的库下载，有时候速度还会很慢，就不得不使用对应的镜像来加快速度下载
例如：pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyspider，这样就会从清华这边的镜像去安装pyspider库。
在最后的查阅资料中，我发现了Anaconda 这个利器，集合的大部分的相关库，我就无需一个一个的对应下载库了科技万岁哈哈哈
其次我最看重的一点是它下面所附带的开发利器
jupyter notebook 的本质是一个 Web 应用程序，便于创建和共享文学化程序文档，支持实时代码，数学方程，可视化和 markdown。用途包括：数据清理和转换，数值模拟，统计建模，机器学习等等
所以这就大大的简化了我们在机器学习中的开发！
那么什么是EDA呢？通过查询资料后：
探索性数据分析（Exploratory Data Analysis，简称EDA），摘抄网上的一个中文解释，是指对已有的数据（特别是调查或观察得来的原始数据）在尽量少的先验假定下进行探索，通过作图、制表、方程拟合、计算特征量等手段探索数据的结构和规律的一种数据分析方法。特别是党我们对面对大数据时代到来的时候，各种杂乱的“脏数据”，往往不知所措，不知道从哪里开始了解目前拿到手上的数据时候，探索性数据分析就非常有效。探索性数据分析是上世纪六十年代提出，其方法有美国统计学家John Tukey提出的。
EDA的学习连接

那么紧接着就是Task 2 的学习内容

Task2 开始着手数据分析

通过文档学习，我开始一步一步分析

## 基础工具 import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import warnings
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from scipy.special import jn
from IPython.display import display, clear_output
import time
import numpy as np
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') 
import missingno as msno
%matplotlib inline

## 模型预测的 from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn import preprocessing
from sklearn.svm import SVR
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor,GradientBoostingRegressor
## 数据降维处理的 from sklearn.decomposition import PCA,FastICA,FactorAnalysis,SparsePCA
import lightgbm as lgb
import xgboost as xgb
## 参数搜索和评价的 from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV,cross_val_score,StratifiedKFold,train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error

## 通过Pandas对于数据进行读取 (pandas是一个很友好的数据读取函数库)
Train_data = pd.read_csv('used_car_train_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
TestA_data = pd.read_csv('used_car_testA_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
## 输出数据的大小信息
print('Train data shape:',Train_data.shape)
print('TestA data shape:',TestA_data.shape)

Train data shape: (150000, 31)
TestA data shape: (50000, 30)


#简要通过 .head()浏览读取数据的形式
Train_data.head()

	SaleID	name	regDate	model	brand	bodyType	gearbox	power	kilometer	...	v_5	v_6	v_7	v_8	v_9	v_10	v_11	v_12	v_13	v_14
0	0	736	20040402	30.0	6	1.0	0.0	60	12.5	...	0.235676	0.101988	0.129549	0.022816	0.097462	-2.881803	2.804097	-2.420821	0.795292	0.914762
1	1	2262	20030301	40.0	1	2.0	0.0	0	15.0	...	0.264777	0.121004	0.135731	0.026597	0.020582	-4.900482	2.096338	-1.030483	-1.722674	0.245522
2	2	14874	20040403	115.0	15	1.0	0.0	163	12.5	...	0.251410	0.114912	0.165147	0.062173	0.027075	-4.846749	1.803559	1.565330	-0.832687	-0.229963
3	3	71865	19960908	109.0	10	0.0	1.0	193	15.0	...	0.274293	0.110300	0.121964	0.033395	0.000000	-4.509599	1.285940	-0.501868	-2.438353	-0.478699
4	4	111080	20120103	110.0	5	1.0	0.0	68	5.0	...	0.228036	0.073205	0.091880	0.078819	0.121534	-1.896240	0.910783	0.931110	2.834518	1.923482

5 rows × 31 columns

## 通过 .columns 查看列名
Train_data.columns

Index(['SaleID', 'name', 'regDate', 'model', 'brand', 'bodyType', 'fuelType',
       'gearbox', 'power', 'kilometer', 'notRepairedDamage', 'regionCode',
       'seller', 'offerType', 'creatDate', 'price', 'v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2', 'v_3',
       'v_4', 'v_5', 'v_6', 'v_7', 'v_8', 'v_9', 'v_10', 'v_11', 'v_12',
       'v_13', 'v_14'],
      dtype='object')

TestA_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 50000 entries, 0 to 49999
Data columns (total 30 columns):
SaleID               50000 non-null int64
name                 50000 non-null int64
regDate              50000 non-null int64
model                50000 non-null float64
brand                50000 non-null int64
bodyType             48587 non-null float64
fuelType             47107 non-null float64
gearbox              48090 non-null float64
power                50000 non-null int64
kilometer            50000 non-null float64
notRepairedDamage    50000 non-null object
regionCode           50000 non-null int64
seller               50000 non-null int64
offerType            50000 non-null int64
creatDate            50000 non-null int64
v_0                  50000 non-null float64
v_1                  50000 non-null float64
v_2                  50000 non-null float64
v_3                  50000 non-null float64
v_4                  50000 non-null float64
v_5                  50000 non-null float64
v_6                  50000 non-null float64
v_7                  50000 non-null float64
v_8                  50000 non-null float64
v_9                  50000 non-null float64
v_10                 50000 non-null float64
v_11                 50000 non-null float64
v_12                 50000 non-null float64
v_13                 50000 non-null float64
v_14                 50000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(9), object(1)
memory usage: 11.4+ MB

数据统计信息浏览

## 通过 .info() 简要可以看到对应一些数据列名，以及NAN缺失信息
Train_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 150000 entries, 0 to 149999
Data columns (total 31 columns):
SaleID               150000 non-null int64
name                 150000 non-null int64
regDate              150000 non-null int64
model                149999 non-null float64
brand                150000 non-null int64
bodyType             145494 non-null float64
fuelType             141320 non-null float64
gearbox              144019 non-null float64
power                150000 non-null int64
kilometer            150000 non-null float64
notRepairedDamage    150000 non-null object
regionCode           150000 non-null int64
seller               150000 non-null int64
offerType            150000 non-null int64
creatDate            150000 non-null int64
price                150000 non-null int64
v_0                  150000 non-null float64
v_1                  150000 non-null float64
v_2                  150000 non-null float64
v_3                  150000 non-null float64
v_4                  150000 non-null float64
v_5                  150000 non-null float64
v_6                  150000 non-null float64
v_7                  150000 non-null float64
v_8                  150000 non-null float64
v_9                  150000 non-null float64
v_10                 150000 non-null float64
v_11                 150000 non-null float64
v_12                 150000 non-null float64
v_13                 150000 non-null float64
v_14                 150000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(10), object(1)
memory usage: 35.5+ MB

## 通过 .describe() 可以查看数值特征列的一些统计信息
Train_data.describe()

	SaleID	name	regDate	model	brand	bodyType	fuelType	gearbox	power	kilometer	...	v_5	v_6	v_7	v_8	v_9	v_10	v_11	v_12	v_13	v_14
count	150000.000000	150000.000000	1.500000e+05	149999.000000	150000.000000	145494.000000	141320.000000	144019.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	...	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000	150000.000000
mean	74999.500000	68349.172873	2.003417e+07	47.129021	8.052733	1.792369	0.375842	0.224943	119.316547	12.597160	...	0.248204	0.044923	0.124692	0.058144	0.061996	-0.001000	0.009035	0.004813	0.000313	-0.000688
std	43301.414527	61103.875095	5.364988e+04	49.536040	7.864956	1.760640	0.548677	0.417546	177.168419	3.919576	...	0.045804	0.051743	0.201410	0.029186	0.035692	3.772386	3.286071	2.517478	1.288988	1.038685
min	0.000000	0.000000	1.991000e+07	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.500000	...	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	-9.168192	-5.558207	-9.639552	-4.153899	-6.546556
25%	37499.750000	11156.000000	1.999091e+07	10.000000	1.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	75.000000	12.500000	...	0.243615	0.000038	0.062474	0.035334	0.033930	-3.722303	-1.951543	-1.871846	-1.057789	-0.437034
50%	74999.500000	51638.000000	2.003091e+07	30.000000	6.000000	1.000000	0.000000	0.000000	110.000000	15.000000	...	0.257798	0.000812	0.095866	0.057014	0.058484	1.624076	-0.358053	-0.130753	-0.036245	0.141246
75%	112499.250000	118841.250000	2.007111e+07	66.000000	13.000000	3.000000	1.000000	0.000000	150.000000	15.000000	...	0.265297	0.102009	0.125243	0.079382	0.087491	2.844357	1.255022	1.776933	0.942813	0.680378
max	149999.000000	196812.000000	2.015121e+07	247.000000	39.000000	7.000000	6.000000	1.000000	19312.000000	15.000000	...	0.291838	0.151420	1.404936	0.160791	0.222787	12.357011	18.819042	13.847792	11.147669	8.658418

8 rows × 30 columns

TestA_data.describe()

	SaleID	name	regDate	model	brand	bodyType	fuelType	gearbox	power	kilometer	...	v_5	v_6	v_7	v_8	v_9	v_10	v_11	v_12	v_13	v_14
count	50000.000000	50000.000000	5.000000e+04	50000.000000	50000.000000	48587.000000	47107.000000	48090.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	...	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000	50000.000000
mean	174999.500000	68542.223280	2.003393e+07	46.844520	8.056240	1.782185	0.373405	0.224350	119.883620	12.595580	...	0.248669	0.045021	0.122744	0.057997	0.062000	-0.017855	-0.013742	-0.013554	-0.003147	0.001516
std	14433.901067	61052.808133	5.368870e+04	49.469548	7.819477	1.760736	0.546442	0.417158	185.097387	3.908979	...	0.044601	0.051766	0.195972	0.029211	0.035653	3.747985	3.231258	2.515962	1.286597	1.027360
min	150000.000000	0.000000	1.991000e+07	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.500000	...	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	-9.160049	-5.411964	-8.916949	-4.123333	-6.112667
25%	162499.750000	11203.500000	1.999091e+07	10.000000	1.000000	0.000000	0.000000	0.000000	75.000000	12.500000	...	0.243762	0.000044	0.062644	0.035084	0.033714	-3.700121	-1.971325	-1.876703	-1.060428	-0.437920
50%	174999.500000	52248.500000	2.003091e+07	29.000000	6.000000	1.000000	0.000000	0.000000	109.000000	15.000000	...	0.257877	0.000815	0.095828	0.057084	0.058764	1.613212	-0.355843	-0.142779	-0.035956	0.138799
75%	187499.250000	118856.500000	2.007110e+07	65.000000	13.000000	3.000000	1.000000	0.000000	150.000000	15.000000	...	0.265328	0.102025	0.125438	0.079077	0.087489	2.832708	1.262914	1.764335	0.941469	0.681163
max	199999.000000	196805.000000	2.015121e+07	246.000000	39.000000	7.000000	6.000000	1.000000	20000.000000	15.000000	...	0.291618	0.153265	1.358813	0.156355	0.214775	12.338872	18.856218	12.950498	5.913273	2.624622

8 rows × 29 columns

判断数据缺失和异常

## 1) 查看每列的存在nan情况
Train_data.isnull().sum()

SaleID                  0
name                    0
regDate                 0
model                   1
brand                   0
bodyType             4506
fuelType             8680
gearbox              5981
power                   0
kilometer               0
notRepairedDamage       0
regionCode              0
seller                  0
offerType               0
creatDate               0
price                   0
v_0                     0
v_1                     0
v_2                     0
v_3                     0
v_4                     0
v_5                     0
v_6                     0
v_7                     0
v_8                     0
v_9                     0
v_10                    0
v_11                    0
v_12                    0
v_13                    0
v_14                    0
dtype: int64

TestA_data.isnull().sum()

SaleID                  0
name                    0
regDate                 0
model                   0
brand                   0
bodyType             1413
fuelType             2893
gearbox              1910
power                   0
kilometer               0
notRepairedDamage       0
regionCode              0
seller                  0
offerType               0
creatDate               0
v_0                     0
v_1                     0
v_2                     0
v_3                     0
v_4                     0
v_5                     0
v_6                     0
v_7                     0
v_8                     0
v_9                     0
v_10                    0
v_11                    0
v_12                    0
v_13                    0
v_14                    0
dtype: int64

# nan可视化
missing = Train_data.isnull().sum()
missing = missing[missing > 0]
missing.sort_values(inplace=True)
missing.plot.bar()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbe177c10>

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#可视化看下缺省值
msno.matrix(Train_data.sample(250))

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbeba52b0>

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msno.bar(Train_data.sample(1000))

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbeff18e0>

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# 可视化看下缺省值    查看TESTA 数据集的缺省值
msno.matrix(TestA_data.sample(250))

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbf71a3d0>

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msno.bar(TestA_data.sample(1000))

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbf6fea90>

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Train_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 150000 entries, 0 to 149999
Data columns (total 31 columns):
SaleID               150000 non-null int64
name                 150000 non-null int64
regDate              150000 non-null int64
model                149999 non-null float64
brand                150000 non-null int64
bodyType             145494 non-null float64
fuelType             141320 non-null float64
gearbox              144019 non-null float64
power                150000 non-null int64
kilometer            150000 non-null float64
notRepairedDamage    150000 non-null object
regionCode           150000 non-null int64
seller               150000 non-null int64
offerType            150000 non-null int64
creatDate            150000 non-null int64
price                150000 non-null int64
v_0                  150000 non-null float64
v_1                  150000 non-null float64
v_2                  150000 non-null float64
v_3                  150000 non-null float64
v_4                  150000 non-null float64
v_5                  150000 non-null float64
v_6                  150000 non-null float64
v_7                  150000 non-null float64
v_8                  150000 non-null float64
v_9                  150000 non-null float64
v_10                 150000 non-null float64
v_11                 150000 non-null float64
v_12                 150000 non-null float64
v_13                 150000 non-null float64
v_14                 150000 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(20), int64(10), object(1)
memory usage: 35.5+ MB

Train_data['notRepairedDamage'].value_counts()  #将 notR...的值显示出来

0.0    111361
-       24324
1.0     14315
Name: notRepairedDamage, dtype: int64

Train_data['notRepairedDamage'].replace('-', np.nan, inplace=True)

Train_data['notRepairedDamage'].value_counts()

0.0    111361
1.0     14315
Name: notRepairedDamage, dtype: int64

Train_data.isnull().sum()

SaleID                   0
name                     0
regDate                  0
model                    1
brand                    0
bodyType              4506
fuelType              8680
gearbox               5981
power                    0
kilometer                0
notRepairedDamage    24324
regionCode               0
seller                   0
offerType                0
creatDate                0
price                    0
v_0                      0
v_1                      0
v_2                      0
v_3                      0
v_4                      0
v_5                      0
v_6                      0
v_7                      0
v_8                      0
v_9                      0
v_10                     0
v_11                     0
v_12                     0
v_13                     0
v_14                     0
dtype: int64

TestA_data['notRepairedDamage'].value_counts()

0.0    37249
-       8031
1.0     4720
Name: notRepairedDamage, dtype: int64

TestA_data['notRepairedDamage'].replace('-', np.nan, inplace=True)

del Train_data["seller"]
del Train_data["offerType"]
del TestA_data["seller"]
del TestA_data["offerType"]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

d:\python\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
   2896             try:
-> 2897                 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
   2898             except KeyError:


pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()


pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()


pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()


pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()


KeyError: 'seller'


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:


KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-42-0927d53b16e2> in <module>
----> 1 del Train_data["seller"]
      2 del Train_data["offerType"]
      3 del TestA_data["seller"]
      4 del TestA_data["offerType"]


d:\python\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in __delitem__(self, key)
   3514             # there was no match, this call should raise the appropriate
   3515             # exception:
-> 3516             self._data.delete(key)
   3517 
   3518         # delete from the caches


d:\python\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals\managers.py in delete(self, item)
    994         Delete selected item (items if non-unique) in-place.
    995         """
--> 996         indexer = self.items.get_loc(item)
    997 
    998         is_deleted = np.zeros(self.shape[0], dtype=np.bool_)


d:\python\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
   2897                 return self._engine.get_loc(key)
   2898             except KeyError:
-> 2899                 return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key))
   2900         indexer = self.get_indexer([key], method=method, tolerance=tolerance)
   2901         if indexer.ndim > 1 or indexer.size > 1:


pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()


pandas/_libs/index.pyx in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc()


pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()


pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item()


KeyError: 'seller'

Train_data['price']

0         1850
1         3600
2         6222
3         2400
4         5200
          ... 
149995    5900
149996    9500
149997    7500
149998    4999
149999    4700
Name: price, Length: 150000, dtype: int64

Train_data['price'].value_counts()

500      2337
1500     2158
1200     1922
1000     1850
2500     1821
         ... 
25321       1
8886        1
8801        1
37920       1
8188        1
Name: price, Length: 3763, dtype: int64

## 1) 总体分布概况（无界约翰逊分布等）
import scipy.stats as st
y = Train_data['price']
plt.figure(1); plt.title('Johnson SU')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.johnsonsu)
plt.figure(2); plt.title('Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.norm)
plt.figure(3); plt.title('Log Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.lognorm)

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbfceb5e0>

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## 2) 查看skewness and kurtosis
sns.distplot(Train_data['price']);
print("Skewness: %f" % Train_data['price'].skew())
print("Kurtosis: %f" % Train_data['price'].kurt())

Skewness: 3.346487
Kurtosis: 18.995183

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Train_data.skew(), Train_data.kurt()

(SaleID         0.000000
 name           0.557606
 regDate        0.028495
 model          1.484388
 brand          1.150760
 bodyType       0.991530
 fuelType       1.595486
 gearbox        1.317514
 power         65.863178
 kilometer     -1.525921
 regionCode     0.688881
 creatDate    -79.013310
 price          3.346487
 v_0           -1.316712
 v_1            0.359454
 v_2            4.842556
 v_3            0.106292
 v_4            0.367989
 v_5           -4.737094
 v_6            0.368073
 v_7            5.130233
 v_8            0.204613
 v_9            0.419501
 v_10           0.025220
 v_11           3.029146
 v_12           0.365358
 v_13           0.267915
 v_14          -1.186355
 dtype: float64,
 SaleID          -1.200000
 name            -1.039945
 regDate         -0.697308
 model            1.740483
 brand            1.076201
 bodyType         0.206937
 fuelType         5.880049
 gearbox         -0.264161
 power         5733.451054
 kilometer        1.141934
 regionCode      -0.340832
 creatDate     6881.080328
 price           18.995183
 v_0              3.993841
 v_1             -1.753017
 v_2             23.860591
 v_3             -0.418006
 v_4             -0.197295
 v_5             22.934081
 v_6             -1.742567
 v_7             25.845489
 v_8             -0.636225
 v_9             -0.321491
 v_10            -0.577935
 v_11            12.568731
 v_12             0.268937
 v_13            -0.438274
 v_14             2.393526
 dtype: float64)

sns.distplot(Train_data.skew(),color='blue',axlabel ='Skewness')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbeb20ca0>

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sns.distplot(Train_data.kurt(),color='orange',axlabel ='Kurtness')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcbe440400>

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## 3) 查看预测值的具体频数
plt.hist(Train_data['price'], orientation = 'vertical',histtype = 'bar', color ='red')
plt.show()

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# log变换 z之后的分布较均匀，可以进行log变换进行预测，这也是预测问题常用的trick
plt.hist(np.log(Train_data['price']), orientation = 'vertical',histtype = 'bar', color ='red') 
plt.show()

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# 分离label即预测值
Y_train = Train_data['price']

numeric_features = ['power', 'kilometer', 'v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2', 'v_3', 'v_4', 'v_5', 'v_6', 'v_7', 'v_8', 'v_9', 'v_10', 'v_11', 'v_12', 'v_13','v_14' ]

categorical_features = ['name', 'model', 'brand', 'bodyType', 'fuelType', 'gearbox', 'notRepairedDamage', 'regionCode',]

# 特征nunique分布
for cat_fea in categorical_features:
    print(cat_fea + "的特征分布如下：")
    print("{}特征有个{}不同的值".format(cat_fea, Train_data[cat_fea].nunique()))
    print(Train_data[cat_fea].value_counts())

name的特征分布如下：
name特征有个99662不同的值
708       282
387       282
55        280
1541      263
203       233
         ... 
5074        1
7123        1
11221       1
13270       1
174485      1
Name: name, Length: 99662, dtype: int64
model的特征分布如下：
model特征有个248不同的值
0.0      11762
19.0      9573
4.0       8445
1.0       6038
29.0      5186
         ...  
245.0        2
209.0        2
240.0        2
242.0        2
247.0        1
Name: model, Length: 248, dtype: int64
brand的特征分布如下：
brand特征有个40不同的值
0     31480
4     16737
14    16089
10    14249
1     13794
6     10217
9      7306
5      4665
13     3817
11     2945
3      2461
7      2361
16     2223
8      2077
25     2064
27     2053
21     1547
15     1458
19     1388
20     1236
12     1109
22     1085
26      966
30      940
17      913
24      772
28      649
32      592
29      406
37      333
2       321
31      318
18      316
36      228
34      227
33      218
23      186
35      180
38       65
39        9
Name: brand, dtype: int64
bodyType的特征分布如下：
bodyType特征有个8不同的值
0.0    41420
1.0    35272
2.0    30324
3.0    13491
4.0     9609
5.0     7607
6.0     6482
7.0     1289
Name: bodyType, dtype: int64
fuelType的特征分布如下：
fuelType特征有个7不同的值
0.0    91656
1.0    46991
2.0     2212
3.0      262
4.0      118
5.0       45
6.0       36
Name: fuelType, dtype: int64
gearbox的特征分布如下：
gearbox特征有个2不同的值
0.0    111623
1.0     32396
Name: gearbox, dtype: int64
notRepairedDamage的特征分布如下：
notRepairedDamage特征有个3不同的值
0.0    111361
-       24324
1.0     14315
Name: notRepairedDamage, dtype: int64
regionCode的特征分布如下：
regionCode特征有个7905不同的值
419     369
764     258
125     137
176     136
462     134
       ... 
6414      1
7063      1
4239      1
5931      1
7267      1
Name: regionCode, Length: 7905, dtype: int64

# 特征nunique分布
for cat_fea in categorical_features:
    print(cat_fea + "的特征分布如下：")
    print("{}特征有个{}不同的值".format(cat_fea, TestA_data[cat_fea].nunique()))
    print(TestA_data[cat_fea].value_counts())

name的特征分布如下：
name特征有个37453不同的值
55       97
708      96
387      95
1541     88
713      74
         ..
22270     1
89855     1
42752     1
48899     1
11808     1
Name: name, Length: 37453, dtype: int64
model的特征分布如下：
model特征有个247不同的值
0.0      3896
19.0     3245
4.0      3007
1.0      1981
29.0     1742
         ... 
242.0       1
240.0       1
244.0       1
243.0       1
246.0       1
Name: model, Length: 247, dtype: int64
brand的特征分布如下：
brand特征有个40不同的值
0     10348
4      5763
14     5314
10     4766
1      4532
6      3502
9      2423
5      1569
13     1245
11      919
7       795
3       773
16      771
8       704
25      695
27      650
21      544
15      511
20      450
19      450
12      389
22      363
30      324
17      317
26      303
24      268
28      225
32      193
29      117
31      115
18      106
2       104
37       92
34       77
33       76
36       67
23       62
35       53
38       23
39        2
Name: brand, dtype: int64
bodyType的特征分布如下：
bodyType特征有个8不同的值
0.0    13985
1.0    11882
2.0     9900
3.0     4433
4.0     3303
5.0     2537
6.0     2116
7.0      431
Name: bodyType, dtype: int64
fuelType的特征分布如下：
fuelType特征有个7不同的值
0.0    30656
1.0    15544
2.0      774
3.0       72
4.0       37
6.0       14
5.0       10
Name: fuelType, dtype: int64
gearbox的特征分布如下：
gearbox特征有个2不同的值
0.0    37301
1.0    10789
Name: gearbox, dtype: int64
notRepairedDamage的特征分布如下：
notRepairedDamage特征有个2不同的值
0.0    37249
1.0     4720
Name: notRepairedDamage, dtype: int64
regionCode的特征分布如下：
regionCode特征有个6971不同的值
419     146
764      78
188      52
125      51
759      51
       ... 
7753      1
7463      1
7230      1
826       1
112       1
Name: regionCode, Length: 6971, dtype: int64

numeric_features.append('price')

numeric_features

['power',
 'kilometer',
 'v_0',
 'v_1',
 'v_2',
 'v_3',
 'v_4',
 'v_5',
 'v_6',
 'v_7',
 'v_8',
 'v_9',
 'v_10',
 'v_11',
 'v_12',
 'v_13',
 'v_14',
 'price']

Train_data.head()

	SaleID	name	regDate	model	brand	bodyType	gearbox	power	kilometer	...	v_5	v_6	v_7	v_8	v_9	v_10	v_11	v_12	v_13	v_14
0	0	736	20040402	30.0	6	1.0	0.0	60	12.5	...	0.235676	0.101988	0.129549	0.022816	0.097462	-2.881803	2.804097	-2.420821	0.795292	0.914762
1	1	2262	20030301	40.0	1	2.0	0.0	0	15.0	...	0.264777	0.121004	0.135731	0.026597	0.020582	-4.900482	2.096338	-1.030483	-1.722674	0.245522
2	2	14874	20040403	115.0	15	1.0	0.0	163	12.5	...	0.251410	0.114912	0.165147	0.062173	0.027075	-4.846749	1.803559	1.565330	-0.832687	-0.229963
3	3	71865	19960908	109.0	10	0.0	1.0	193	15.0	...	0.274293	0.110300	0.121964	0.033395	0.000000	-4.509599	1.285940	-0.501868	-2.438353	-0.478699
4	4	111080	20120103	110.0	5	1.0	0.0	68	5.0	...	0.228036	0.073205	0.091880	0.078819	0.121534	-1.896240	0.910783	0.931110	2.834518	1.923482

5 rows × 29 columns

## 1) 相关性分析
price_numeric = Train_data[numeric_features]
correlation = price_numeric.corr()
print(correlation['price'].sort_values(ascending = False),'\n')

price        1.000000
v_12         0.692823
v_8          0.685798
v_0          0.628397
power        0.219834
v_5          0.164317
v_2          0.085322
v_6          0.068970
v_1          0.060914
v_14         0.035911
v_13        -0.013993
v_7         -0.053024
v_4         -0.147085
v_9         -0.206205
v_10        -0.246175
v_11        -0.275320
kilometer   -0.440519
v_3         -0.730946
Name: price, dtype: float64

f , ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7, 7))

plt.title('Correlation of Numeric Features with Price',y=1,size=16)

sns.heatmap(correlation,square = True,  vmax=0.8)

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x2bcd5b31a00>

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del price_numeric['price']

## 2) 查看几个特征得 偏度和峰值
for col in numeric_features:
    print('{:15}'.format(col), 
          'Skewness: {:05.2f}'.format(Train_data[col].skew()) , 
          '   ' ,
          'Kurtosis: {:06.2f}'.format(Train_data[col].kurt())  
         )

power           Skewness: 65.86     Kurtosis: 5733.45
kilometer       Skewness: -1.53     Kurtosis: 001.14
v_0             Skewness: -1.32     Kurtosis: 003.99
v_1             Skewness: 00.36     Kurtosis: -01.75
v_2             Skewness: 04.84     Kurtosis: 023.86
v_3             Skewness: 00.11     Kurtosis: -00.42
v_4             Skewness: 00.37     Kurtosis: -00.20
v_5             Skewness: -4.74     Kurtosis: 022.93
v_6             Skewness: 00.37     Kurtosis: -01.74
v_7             Skewness: 05.13     Kurtosis: 025.85
v_8             Skewness: 00.20     Kurtosis: -00.64
v_9             Skewness: 00.42     Kurtosis: -00.32
v_10            Skewness: 00.03     Kurtosis: -00.58
v_11            Skewness: 03.03     Kurtosis: 012.57
v_12            Skewness: 00.37     Kurtosis: 000.27
v_13            Skewness: 00.27     Kurtosis: -00.44
v_14            Skewness: -1.19     Kurtosis: 002.39
price           Skewness: 03.35     Kurtosis: 019.00

## 3) 每个数字特征得分布可视化
f = pd.melt(Train_data, value_vars=numeric_features)
g = sns.FacetGrid(f, col="variable",  col_wrap=2, sharex=False, sharey=False)
g = g.map(sns.distplot, "value")

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## 4) 数字特征相互之间的关系可视化
sns.set()
columns = ['price', 'v_12', 'v_8' , 'v_0', 'power', 'v_5',  'v_2', 'v_6', 'v_1', 'v_14']
sns.pairplot(Train_data[columns],size = 2 ,kind ='scatter',diag_kind='kde')
plt.show()