java学习笔记-第四课

1. 输入输出操作

1.1 输入输出流的概念

• 输入流（Input Stream）：从数据源读取数据的流，如文件、键盘等。
• 输出流（Output Stream）：向数据目的地写入数据的流，如文件、显示器等。
• 字节流和字符流：
  • 字节流（InputStream 和 OutputStream）用于处理字节数据。
  • 字符流（Reader 和 Writer）用于处理字符数据。

1.2 文件操作

• 读取文件：

  import java.io.FileReader;
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.txt"))) {
              String line;
              while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                  System.out.println(line);
              }
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

• 写入文件：

  import java.io.FileWriter;
  import java.io.BufferedWriter;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("example.txt"))) {
              bw.write("Hello, World!");
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

1.3 序列化

• 概念：将对象转换为字节流，以便存储或传输。

• 实现：

  import java.io.Serializable;
  
  public class Person implements Serializable {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
      private String name;
      private int age;
  
      public Person(String name, int age) {
          this.name = name;
          this.age = age;
      }
  
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "Person{name='" + name + "', age=" + age + '}';
      }
  }
  

• 序列化和反序列化：

  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.FileInputStream;
  import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
  import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Person person = new Person("John", 30);
  
          // 序列化
          try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("person.ser"))) {
              oos.writeObject(person);
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
  
          // 反序列化
          try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("person.ser"))) {
              Person deserializedPerson = (Person) ois.readObject();
              System.out.println(deserializedPerson);
          } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

2. 文件和目录操作

• 创建文件：

  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          File file = new File("example.txt");
          try {
              if (file.createNewFile()) {
                  System.out.println("File created: " + file.getName());
              } else {
                  System.out.println("File already exists.");
              }
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

• 创建目录：

  import java.io.File;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          File dir = new File("exampleDir");
          if (dir.mkdir()) {
              System.out.println("Directory created: " + dir.getName());
          } else {
              System.out.println("Directory already exists.");
          }
      }
  }
  

• 列出目录内容：

  import java.io.File;
  
  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          File dir = new File("exampleDir");
          if (dir.isDirectory()) {
              String[] files = dir.list();
              if (files != null) {
                  for (String file : files) {
                      System.out.println(file);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  

3. 网络编程

3.1 套接字编程

• 概念：套接字是网络通信的基本单位，用于建立客户端和服务器之间的连接。

3.2 创建服务器

• 示例：

  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.net.ServerSocket;
  import java.net.Socket;
  
  public class Server {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(1234)) {
              System.out.println("Server is listening on port 1234");
              while (true) {
                  try (Socket socket = serverSocket.accept()) {
                      OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
                      output.write("Hello, client!".getBytes());
                  }
              }
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

3.3 创建客户端

• 示例：

  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.net.Socket;
  
  public class Client {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 1234)) {
              InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
              byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
              int bytesRead = input.read(buffer);
              System.out.println(new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead));
          } catch (IOException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }
  

4. JDBC 编程

4.1 JDBC 概述

• JDBC（Java Database Connectivity）：Java API，用于连接和操作数据库。

4.2 连接数据库

• 加载驱动：

  try {
      Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }
  

• 建立连接：

  String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase";
  String username = "root";
  String password = "password";
  try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password)) {
      System.out.println("Connected to the database");
  } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }
  

4.3 执行查询

• 示例：

  try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password)) {
      String sql = "SELECT * FROM users";
      Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
      ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
  
      while (resultSet.next()) {
          int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
          String name = resultSet.getString("name");
          String email = resultSet.getString("email");
          System.out.println("ID: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Email: " + email);
      }
  } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }
  

4.4 执行更新

• 示例：

  try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password)) {
      String sql = "UPDATE users SET email = 'newemail@example.com' WHERE id = 1";
      Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
      int rowsUpdated = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
      if (rowsUpdated > 0) {
          System.out.println("An existing user was updated successfully!");
      }
  } catch (SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }
  

小结

• 本课学习了 Java 的输入输出操作，包括文件读写和序列化。
• 探讨了文件和目录的操作方法。
• 介绍了网络编程的基本概念和套接字编程。
• 学习了 JDBC 编程，包括数据库连接、查询和更新操作。