java学习笔记-第五课-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weis_2007/article/details/140697225

1. 图形用户界面 (GUI) 编程

1.1 Swing 简介

Swing：Java 的图形用户界面工具包，提供了一套丰富的组件用于创建桌面应用程序。

1.2 创建基本窗口

示例：

import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First GUI");
        frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

1.3 常用组件

按钮 (JButton)：

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Button Example");
        JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");
        button.setBounds(50, 100, 95, 30);
        frame.add(button);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

文本框 (JTextField)：

import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("TextField Example");
        JTextField textField = new JTextField();
        textField.setBounds(50, 50, 150, 20);
        frame.add(textField);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

标签 (JLabel)：

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Label Example");
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello, World!");
        label.setBounds(50, 50, 100, 30);
        frame.add(label);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

1.4 事件处理

按钮点击事件：

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Button Example");
        JButton button = new JButton("Click Me");
        button.setBounds(50, 100, 95, 30);
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.out.println("Button clicked");
            }
        });
        frame.add(button);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2. 高级网络编程

2.1 URL 处理

读取网页内容：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://www.example.com");
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            reader.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.2 HTTP 请求

发送 GET 请求：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://www.example.com");
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                response.append(line);
            }
            reader.close();
            System.out.println(response.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

发送 POST 请求：

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://www.example.com");
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            String postData = "param1=value1&param2=value2";
            OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
            os.write(postData.getBytes());
            os.flush();
            os.close();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                response.append(line);
            }
            reader.close();
            System.out.println(response.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. Swing 应用程序示例

登录界面：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Login {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Login");
        JLabel userLabel = new JLabel("User:");
        userLabel.setBounds(50, 50, 100, 30);
        JLabel passLabel = new JLabel("Password:");
        passLabel.setBounds(50, 100, 100, 30);
        JTextField userField = new JTextField();
        userField.setBounds(150, 50, 150, 30);
        JPasswordField passField = new JPasswordField();
        passField.setBounds(150, 100, 150, 30);
        JButton loginButton = new JButton("Login");
        loginButton.setBounds(150, 150, 95, 30);
        loginButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String user = userField.getText();
                String pass = new String(passField.getPassword());
                if (user.equals("admin") && pass.equals("password")) {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Login Successful");
                } else {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Login Failed");
                }
            }
        });
        frame.add(userLabel);
        frame.add(passLabel);
        frame.add(userField);
        frame.add(passField);
        frame.add(loginButton);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}