应用于异步的任务执行,类似JS的回调方法.
Future取得的结果类型与Callable返回的结果类型必须一致.
如异步执行方式:
public class FutureTaskDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化一个Callable对象和FutureTask对象
Callable<Object> pAccount = new PrivateAccount();
FutureTask<Object> futureTask = new FutureTask<Object>(pAccount);
// 使用FutureTask创建一个线程
Thread pAccountThread = new Thread(futureTask);
System.out.println("future task starts at " + System.nanoTime());
pAccountThread.start();
// 主线程执行自己的任务
System.out.println("main thread doing something else here.");
// 从其他帐户获取总金额
int totalMoney = new Random().nextInt(100000);
System.out.println(" You have " + totalMoney + " in your other Accounts. ");
System.out.println(" Waiting for data from Private Account");
// 测试后台的就计算线程是否完成,如果未完成,等待
while(!futureTask.isDone()){
try {
Thread.sleep(5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("future task ends at " + System.nanoTime());
Integer privataAccountMoney = null;
// 如果后台的FutureTask计算完成,则返回计算结果
try {
privataAccountMoney = (Integer) futureTask.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(" The total money you have is " + (totalMoney + privataAccountMoney.intValue()));
}
}
// 创建一个Callable类,模拟计算一个私有帐户中的金额
class PrivateAccount implements Callable<Object> {
Integer totalMoney;
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception{
Thread.sleep(5000);
totalMoney = new Integer(new Random().nextInt(10000));
System.out.println(" You have " + totalMoney + " in your private Account. ");
return totalMoney;
}
}
采用ExecutorSevice的submit方法提交:
public class CallableAndFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Future(将来)取得的结果类型和Callable返回的结果类型必须一致.
// Callable要采用ExecutorSevice的submit方法提交,返回的future对象可以取消任务.
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = threadPool.submit(
new Callable<String>() {
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(2000);
return "hello";
};
}
);
System.out.println("等待结果");
try {
// 一直等待结果
System.out.println("拿到结果:" + future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadPool.shutdown();
// CompletionService用于提交一组Callable任务,其take方法返回已完成的一个Callable任务
// 对应的Future对象,好比N块麦子,谁先成熟先收。
ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
CompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(threadPool2);
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
final int seq = i;
completionService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(5000));
return seq;
}
});
}
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
try {
// 先完成的先得到
System.out.println(completionService.take().get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
threadPool2.shutdown();
}
}