《Javascript权威指南》学习笔记三之数据运算

一、算术运算的注意事项

1、操作数不是数字时，Javascript会尝试将数据转换为数字，转换成功则进行算术运算，反之，则返回数字常量NaN：

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1. var a = "123"; 
2. alert(++a);   //输出124 
3. alert(a-2);    //输出122 
4. alert("123ds" - 1); //输出NaN 

var a = "123";
alert(++a);   //输出124
alert(a-2);    //输出122
alert("123ds" - 1); //输出NaN

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1.  

</pre><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>2、加法运算符（+）</p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>2.1   当两个或多个数字使用“+”运算符时，执行加法算术运算。</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>2.2   当单个数字和其他类型的数据使用“+”运算符时，首先会将两个表达式的值转为字符串，执行字符串运算<span style="white-space: pre;"></span>。如alert("10"+10); //输出1010</span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>2.3   当多个数字和其他类型的数据使用<span style="font-size:18px;">“+”运算符时，首先会从左到右根据运算符两边的数据类型进行判断，是采用算术运算还是字符串运算。如alert("10"+10+5); //输出10105；而alert(5+10+"10"); //输出1510</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>二、全等运算符</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>1、数字和逻辑值按值比较，值相等，则返回true。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>2、字符串具有相同字符数且对应位置的字符相同，则返回TRUE。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>3、对于对象、函数和数组变量则是按引用比较，若引用同一个对象，则返回TRUE。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>三、特殊值的比较</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"></span>1、常量NaN：没有具体数值，解释引擎一般将其表示为一个随机对象。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="font-size:18px;"></span></span><div class="dp-highlighter bg_javascript"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[javascript]</strong> <a target=_blank class="ViewSource" title="view plain" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u011043843/article/details/25883177#">view plain</a><a target=_blank class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u011043843/article/details/25883177#">copy</a><a target=_blank class="PrintSource" title="print" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u011043843/article/details/25883177#">print</a><a target=_blank class="About" title="?" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u011043843/article/details/25883177#">?</a><a target=_blank style="text-indent: 0px;" title="在CODE上查看代码片" href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/346768" target="_blank"><img style="left: 2px; top: 1px; position: relative;" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" /></a><a target=_blank style="text-indent: 0px;" title="派生到我的代码片" href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/346768/fork" target="_blank"><img style="left: 2px; top: 2px; position: relative;" alt="派生到我的代码片" src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" /></a></div></div><ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span><span>alert(NaN == NaN);   </span><span class="comment">//false</span><span>  </span></span></li><li><span>alert(NaN != NaN);   <span class="comment">//true</span><span>  </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>alert(NaN >= NaN);   <span class="comment">//false</span><span>  </span></span></li><li><span>alert(NaN < NaN);   <span class="comment">//false</span><span>  </span></span></li></ol></div><pre style="display: none;" class="javascript" name="code" code_snippet_id="346768" snippet_file_name="blog_20140515_3_5872714">alert(NaN == NaN);   //false
alert(NaN != NaN);   //true
alert(NaN >= NaN);   //false
alert(NaN < NaN);   //false

2、null和undefined的比较：无规律，参考一下示例

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1. alert(null == undefined);  //true 
2. alert(null != undefined);  //false 
3. alert(null >= undefined);  //false 
4. alert(null < undefined);  //false 
5. alert(null === undefined);  //false 

alert(null == undefined);  //true
alert(null != undefined);  //false
alert(null >= undefined);  //false
alert(null < undefined);  //false
alert(null === undefined);  //false

四：浅谈typeof、instanceof和delete运算符

1、typeof运算符用于测试表达式的类型，格式为 typeof(expression);

1.1用于特殊类型：

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1. typeof(NaN);  //number类型 
2. typeof(Infinity);  //number类型 
3. typeof(Undefined);  //undefined类型 
4. typeof(null);  //object类型 

typeof(NaN);  //number类型
typeof(Infinity);  //number类型
typeof(Undefined);  //undefined类型
typeof(null);  //object类型

1.2用于Javascript的核心类，永远返回object：

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1. var  blog = "myblog"; 
2. var  blog1 = new String("myblog"); 
3.  
4. alert(typeof blog); //输出string 
5. alert(typeof blog1); //输出object 

var  blog = "myblog";
var  blog1 = new String("myblog");

alert(typeof blog); //输出string
alert(typeof blog1); //输出object

2、instanceof运算符：测试表达式是否是指定类的实例

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1. var  blog = "myblog"; 
2. var  blog1 = new String("myblog"); 
3.  
4. alert(blog instanceof String); //false 
5. alert(blog1 instanceof String); //true 

var  blog = "myblog";
var  blog1 = new String("myblog");

alert(blog instanceof String); //false
alert(blog1 instanceof String); //true

3、delete运算符：破坏对象属性，使其初始值为undefined，执行成功返回TRUE，但是delete不能删除对象的固定属性，如数组的length属性

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1. var user = new Object; 
2. user.name = "zhang"; 
3. user.age = 20; 
4.  
5. var b = delete user.name; 
6. alert(b);  //true 

var user = new Object;
user.name = "zhang";
user.age = 20;

var b = delete user.name;
alert(b);  //true