图像处理-STB图片读写

图片读写

stb

在matlab中利用imread和imwrite来对图片进行读写，在c++中推荐一个很好用的库–stb，这个库只需要一个头文件，就可以对多种类型的图片进行解析和保存，并且使用方便，接口数很少。在github上下载stb_image和stb_image_write这两个文件，其中stb_image用于图片的解析，stb_image_write用于图片的保存。
注意一点，在使用stb_image和stb_image_write之前，需要进行宏定义，具体请参看这个文件的文件注释。

示例

接下来用代码说明stb的使用方法。具体代码参看这里，所有头文件在Include文件夹，对应的cpp在lib文件夹中。

Image.h图片抽象类

#pragma once
#include <assert.h>
#include <cstring>

class Image
{
protected:
    unsigned int m_width;
    unsigned int m_height;
    unsigned int m_components;
public:
    Image(int w, int h, int n);
    virtual ~Image() = default;

    //getter and setter
    unsigned int GetWidth()const { return m_width; }
    unsigned int GetHeight()const { return m_height; }
    unsigned int GetComponents()const { return m_components; }
    unsigned int GetSize()const { return m_width*m_height*m_components; }
};

Image.cpp

#include "Image.h"
#include <iostream>
Image::Image(int w, int h, int n):
    m_width(w), m_height(h), m_components(n)
{
}

UnsignedImage.h 无符号整型图片

#pragma once
#include "Image.h"
#include <vector>

class UnsignedImage : public Image
{
private:
    std::vector<unsigned char> m_data;
public:
    UnsignedImage(int w, int h, int n, const unsigned char* data);
    ~UnsignedImage()=default;

    std::vector<unsigned char> GetData()const { return m_data; }
    const unsigned char& At(int row, int col, int nth)const;
    unsigned char&At(int row, int col, int nth);
};

UnsignedImage.cpp 注意这里的At函数，stb将图片解析为一维数组，为了更直观对图片像素进行操作，At函数提供了一个指定行列和通道的接口。

#include "UnsignedImage.h"

UnsignedImage::UnsignedImage(int w, int h, int n, const unsigned char* data):
    Image(w, h, n)
{
    m_data.resize(this->GetSize());
    memcpy(&m_data[0], data, sizeof(unsigned char) * this->GetSize());
}

const unsigned char & UnsignedImage::At(int row, int col, int nth)const
{
    assert(row <= m_height && col <= m_width && nth <= m_components);
    return m_data[row*m_width*m_components + col*m_components + nth];
}
unsigned char& UnsignedImage::At(int row, int col, int nth)
{
    assert(row <= m_height && col <= m_width && nth <= m_components);
    return m_data[row*m_width*m_components + col*m_components + nth];
}

ImageLWManager.h 用于图片的加载(Loading)和写入(Write)，stb支持多种类型图片的读写，这里只写了一个png格式的写入。

#pragma once
#include "Image.h"
#include "UnsignedImage.h"
#include "common/common.h"

#include <cstring>

class ImageLoader
{
    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ImageLoader);
public:
    ImageLoader() = default;
    UnsignedImage LoadImage(const std::string& filePath, int req_comp=0);

};

class ImageWriter
{
    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ImageWriter);
public:
    ImageWriter() = default;
    int WritePNGImage(const UnsignedImage& image, const std::string& outputPath)const;
};

ImageLWManager.cpp 注意在使用stb之前需要宏定义。

#include "ImageLWManager.h"
#include <iostream>
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb/stb_image.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb/stb_image_write.h"
UnsignedImage ImageLoader::LoadImage(const std::string& filePath, int req_comp /*= 0*/)
{
    int x, y, n;
    auto data = stbi_load(filePath.c_str(), &x, &y, &n, req_comp);

    if (req_comp != 0 && n > req_comp)
        n = req_comp;
    if (nullptr == data)
    {
        std::cerr << "Can't open the file.\n";
        exit(-1);
    }
    UnsignedImage image(x, y, n, data);

    return image;
}

int ImageWriter::WritePNGImage(const UnsignedImage& image, const std::string& outputPath)const
{
    return stbi_write_png(outputPath.c_str(),
        image.GetWidth(),
        image.GetHeight(),
        image.GetComponents(),
        &(image.GetData()[0]),
        0);
}