macOS Big Sur：新的Rosetta 2

技术 (Technology)

“Huge leap forward for the Mac”

“ Mac的巨大飞跃”

Apple announced that they will be transitioning their future Mac lineup from Intel processors to their in house custom made silicon chips. This transition will at least take up to 2 years. They even announced that a Mac with Apple’s silicon will be released later this year.

一个人宣布，他们将把未来的Mac系列产品从英特尔处理器过渡到内部定制的硅芯片。 此过渡至少需要2年的时间。 他们甚至宣布，将于今年晚些时候发布带有苹果芯片的Mac。

With Apple’s Silicon, the upcoming Mac lineup will use arm64 architecture. Whereas the older Macs with Intel-based processors used x86–64 architecture. With this transition, Mac devices will be able to run apps made for iOS and iPadOS without any change to the code.

借助Apple的Silicon，即将推出的Mac系列将使用arm64架构。 带有基于Intel处理器的较旧Mac使用x86–64架构。 通过此过渡，Mac设备将能够运行为iOS和iPadOS开发的应用程序，而无需更改代码。

However, because of this transition from x86–64 to arm based architecture, apps made for Intel-based Mac devices won’t be able to run on newer arm based devices. That’s where Rosetta 2 comes. With macOS Big Sur(OS 11), Apple announced Rosetta 2 to ensure these apps to work on newer devices without any hiccup.

但是，由于从x86–64到基于Arm的架构的这种过渡，为基于Intel的Mac设备制作的应用程序将无法在较新的基于Arm的设备上运行。 那就是Rosetta 2的来历。 借助macOS Big Sur(OS 11)，Apple宣布了Rosetta 2，以确保这些应用程序能够在较新的设备上正常运行。

So what exactly is this Rosetta 2?

那么，这Rosetta 2到底是什么？

罗塞塔2 (Rosetta 2)

Rosetta is a translation process that allows users to run apps that contain x86–64 instructions on Apple silicon. Rosetta is meant to ease the transition to Apple silicon, giving developers time to create a universal binary for their app. It is not a substitute for creating a native version of your app.

Rosetta是一种翻译过程，允许用户在Apple芯片上运行包含x86–64指令的应用程序。 Rosetta旨在简化向Apple芯片的过渡，使开发人员有时间为其应用程序创建通用二进制文件。 它不能替代创建应用程序的本机版本。

The transition to Apple silicon in the Mac will create a common architecture across all Apple products, making it easier for developers to write and optimize programs and applications for the entire Apple ecosystem.

在Mac中过渡到Apple芯片将为所有Apple产品创建一个通用的体系结构，使开发人员更容易编写和优化整个Apple生态系统的程序和应用程序。

With Rosetta 2, developers can make their iOS and iPadOS apps available on the Mac without any modifications. Developers will be able to easily create a single app for the new Macs with Apple silicon, while still supporting Intel-based Macs.

使用Rosetta 2，开发人员可以在Mac上使用其iOS和iPadOS应用程序，而无需进行任何修改。 开发人员将能够轻松地为带有Apple芯片的新型Mac创建单个应用程序，同时仍支持基于Intel的Mac。

OG RosettaVS。 罗塞塔2 (OG Rosetta Vs. Rosetta 2)

Apple released the original Rosetta in 2006 to facilitate Apple’s transition from PowerPC to Intel. It allowed many PowerPC applications to run on certain Intel-based Mac computers without modification. There was a downside with the OG Rosetta, programs that ran on the intel powered Mac devices ran comparatively slower. This happened due to the technological limitations of the OG Rosetta. The translator was only able to interpret the code in real-time.

苹果在2006年发布了最初的Rosetta，以促进苹果从PowerPC到英特尔的过渡。 它使许多PowerPC应用程序无需修改即可在某些基于Intel的Mac计算机上运行。 OG Rosetta的缺点是，在支持Intel的Mac设备上运行的程序运行速度相对较慢。 发生这种情况是由于OG Rosetta的技术局限性。 译者只能实时解释代码。

Whereas Rosetta 2 can convert an application right at installation time, effectively creating an arm-optimized version of the app before you’ve opened it. Apple claims the end-user won’t even be able to notice the existence of Rosetta.

Rosetta 2可以在安装时立即转换应用程序，从而在打开应用程序之前有效地对其进行了手臂优化。 苹果声称最终用户甚至无法注意到Rosetta的存在。

不是长期的解决方案 (Not a long-term Solution)

Rosetta 2 is not a long term solution. It is just a temporary solution for developers to make their existing Intel-based programs to run on arm-based Mac devices. Apple is urging developers to create native apps for their arm-based Macs. Apple ended the support for OG rosetta only after 3 years of its release.

Rosetta 2不是长期解决方案。 对于开发人员来说，这是使他们现有的基于Intel的程序运行在基于Arm的Mac设备上的临时解决方案。 苹果敦促开发人员为其基于手臂的Mac创建本机应用程序。 苹果发布3年后才终止对OG rosetta的支持。

Apple made available a Developer Transition Kit to aid the developers to create native apps. The Developer Transition Kit consists of a Mac mini with Apple’s A12Z Bionic SoC inside and desktop specs, including 16GB of memory, a 512GB SSD, and a variety of Mac I/O ports. After the end of the transition program, the developers must return the kit to Apple.

苹果提供了一个开发人员过渡套件，以帮助开发人员创建本机应用程序。 开发人员过渡套件包括内部装有Apple A12Z Bionic SoC的Mac mini和台式机规格，包括16GB内存，512GB SSD和各种Mac I / O端口。 过渡计划结束后，开发人员必须将套件退还给Apple。

Geekbench results uploaded so far suggest that the A12Z-based Mac mini running through Rosetta 2 has average single-core and multi-core scores of 811 and 2,781 respectively. Apple slightly underclocked the A12Z processor in the kit to 2.4GHz. In comparison, iPad Pro running the same A12Z processor performed way better in Geekbench results which ran at 2.5GHz.

到目前为止上传的Geekbench结果表明，通过Rosetta 2运行的基于A12Z的Mac mini的平均单核和多核分数分别为811和2781。 苹果将​​套件中的A12Z处理器略微降低至2.4GHz。 相比之下，运行相同A12Z处理器的iPad Pro在Geekbench结果(2.5GHz运行)上表现更好。

The transition kit was only made available to help the developers to run and test their programs. The Geekbench results uploaded so far won’t reflect the actual performance of the future Apple Silicon.

过渡工具包仅用于帮助开发人员运行和测试其程序。 到目前为止，已上传的Geekbench结果无法反映出未来Apple Silicon的实际性能。

限制条件 (Restrictions)

Rosetta 2 won’t be able to translate Kernel extensions and Virtual Machine apps that virtualize x86–64 computer platform. Because of this Windows virtualization software won’t be functional after the release of the arm-based Macs later this year.

Rosetta 2将无法翻译可虚拟化x86–64计算机平台的内核扩展和虚拟机应用程序。 因此，在今年晚些时候基于手臂的Mac发布后，Windows虚拟化软件将无法运行。

Also, Boot Camp will no longer be available for use on Macs powered by Apple silicon. Macs will not be able to access the feature and Apple has not announced any replacement for it either. Microsoft even made it clear that it only licenses arm-based Windows 10 to manufacturers. No more Windows on Macs.

另外，Boot Camp将不再可用于由Apple芯片驱动的Mac。 Mac将无法访问该功能，Apple也未宣布对其进行任何替代。 微软甚至明确表示，它仅向制造商授权基于手臂的Windows 10 。 在Mac上不再有Windows。

外卖 (The Takeaway)

Rosetta 2 will make the process of purchasing a new Mac seamless for end-users. It will avoid the problems that Microsoft faced during their arm transition process. Apple never announced whether its Apple silicon will be able to handle the graphic intensive processes like their older intel based devices nor did they announce anything about GPUs in their future lineup. They didn’t even announce how long will they be supporting older Intel-based Macs. Though the performance of the arm-based Apple silicon is still in the air. ARM processors are known for their better battery life and better connectivity than Intel-based processors.

Rosetta 2将使最终用户无缝购买新Mac。 它将避免Microsoft在其过渡过程中遇到的问题。 苹果公司从未宣布过自己的苹果芯片是否能够像老款基于英特尔的设备那样处理图形密集型流程，也没有在未来的产品阵容中宣布有关GPU的任何信息。 他们甚至没有宣布他们将支持多长时间的基于Intel的Mac。 尽管基于手臂的Apple芯片的性能仍然悬而未决。 ARM处理器以比基于Intel的处理器更长的电池寿命和更好的连接性而著称。

What are your thoughts on Apple’s transition to arm-based silicon? Are you happy about it?

您对苹果向基于手臂的芯片的过渡有何看法？ 你高兴吗？

翻译自: https://medium.com/macoclock/macos-big-sur-the-new-rosetta-2-282df45eca11