中文为什么没有词干提取_词干中没有小写字母

中文为什么没有词干提取

Written by: Andrew B. Raupp / @stemceo

撰写人： Andrew B. Raupp / @stemceo

Ask anyone what STEM education is all about, and they will dutifully rattle off the meaning of the acronym: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Dig a little deeper, and you’re likely to hear responses like these:

一个人的SK什么STEM教育是一回事，他们会忠实地背出了缩写的含义是：科学，技术，工程和数学。 深入研究，您可能会听到类似以下的响应：

“Oh, my kid’s school has a great STEM program. There’s a new robotics club with cool gizmos to play with.”

“哦，我孩子所在的学校有很棒的STEM计划。 有一个新的机器人俱乐部，可以玩的酷小玩意儿。”

“Schools should invest more in STEM because coding is an essential twenty-first century skill.”

“学校应该在STEM上投入更多，因为编码是二十一世纪必不可少的技能。”

“Having a good STEM program makes it easier to get into college, study computers, and get a high-paying tech job.”

“拥有良好的STEM程序，可以更轻松地上大学，学习计算机并获得高薪的技术工作。”

While these ideas aren’t necessarily incorrect, they’re very telling about how we have been trained to see STEM over the past decade or so. Notice that each one of these responses focuses on coding and gadgets as shorthand for four entirely different fields of study.

尽管这些想法不一定是错误的，但它们非常能说明我们在过去十年左右的时间里如何接受STEM培训。 请注意，这些响应中的每一个都将重点放在编码和小工具上，作为四个完全不同的研究领域的简写。

Technology has taken over our thinking about STEM, leaving the other disciplines — the sciences, engineering, and mathematics — out of our imaginations, and therefore out of the conversation.

技术已经取代了我们对STEM的思考，而其他学科(科学，工程和数学)则不在我们的想象中，因此也就不在讨论之列。

And that poses a potentially huge problem.

这带来了潜在的巨大问题。

硅谷的长阴影 (Silicon Valley’s Long Shadow)

Image: Getty# 529307578 / Aerial Photography Of Silicon Valley

图片：Getty＃529307578 /硅谷航拍

Big tech companies like Apple, Facebook, and Google have undoubtedly changed the world, and technology now mediates nearly everything we do. And while it’s true that the country’s technology giants have pledged $300 million for STEM education, it’s also important to take a hard look at the motivations behind Big Tech’s reach into education, and exactly what we’re all getting in return.

像苹果，Facebook和Google这样的大型科技公司无疑已经改变了世界，如今，技术几乎可以调节我们所做的一切。 尽管该国的技术巨头确实为STEM教育承诺了3亿美元的资金，但认真研究Big Tech普及教育的动机以及我们所有人的回报也很重要。

For example, that $300 million collection plate is dedicated specifically to strengthening computer science programs across the country. Computer science in general and coding in particular are definitely worthy STEM subjects to pursue, but they’re not the only ones. Yet when Silicon Valley wants to support STEM, they nearly always mean technology.

例如，那笔3亿美元的募款专款专门用于加强全国的计算机科学计划。 总体而言，计算机科学尤其是编码绝对是STEM值得追求的学科，但它们并不是唯一的学科。 但是，当硅谷想要支持STEM时，它们几乎总是意味着技术。

This could be a simple case of “When you only have a hammer, everything looks like a nail.” That is, tech companies deal in technology, so they naturally assume that everything can be solved with the right bit of code. We’re living that reality right now: From sending a message to practicing meditation, some tech company really does have an app for just about any problem you may have, real or imagined.

这可能是一个简单的例子，“当您只有锤子时，一切看起来就像钉子。” 就是说，科技公司从事技术交易，因此他们自然地认为，只要使用正确的代码就可以解决所有问题。 我们现在正生活在现实中：从发送消息到练习冥想，一些科技公司的确确实有一款应用程序，可以解决您可能遇到的任何现实或想象中的问题。

But the outsized focus on the T in STEM isn’t just an accident. It’s for profit.

但是，对STEM中T的过分关注并不是偶然的。 这是为了赢利。

Image: Getty# 1252400610 / Man Analyzing Financial Trends On Tablet

图片：Getty＃1252400610 /男人在平板电脑上分析财务趋势

Technology companies of all shapes and sizes need labor, and hiring a sharp programmer is expensive: In 2018, the median salary for a computer programmer was $84,280. We often hear about how well tech careers pay as incentive to get more students interested in STEM, but simple supply-and-demand rules explain why they earn so much. If there were thousands more qualified programmers available to hire, tech corporations and startups alike wouldn’t have to pay so much to attract talent. Developing a pool of tech workers will save these companies huge sums of money that can be shuttled away from workers and into the pockets of shareholders.

各种规模和规模的技术公司都需要劳力，雇用一名精明的程序员非常昂贵：2018年，计算机程序员的平均工资为84,280美元。 我们经常听到关于技术职业如何支付奖励以激发更多学生对STEM感兴趣的信息，但是简单的供求规则解释了为什么他们能赚这么多钱。 如果有成千上万的合格程序员可供聘用，那么技术公司和初创企业都不必花那么多钱来吸引人才。 培养一批技术工人将为这些公司节省大量资金，这些资金可以从工人那里转移到股东的口袋里。

Of course, selling hardware, software, and educational management systems that go along with specific STEM curriculum is profitable, too. But it’s absolutely critical to ask who benefits, and in what way, from an outsized emphasis on coding and robotics in schools.

当然，销售与特定的STEM课程配套的硬件，软件和教育管理系统也是有利可图的。 但是，至关重要的是要问一问：从学校对编码和机器人技术的过分强调中，谁会以何种方式受益。

未来：字母S，E和M带给您 (The Future: Brought to You by the Letters S, E & M)

Just as we must focus on diversity, inclusion, and educational equity in STEM, it’s also the duty of STEM leaders to bring attention to the interdisciplinary forms of science, engineering and math that simply do not have the same powerful advocacy organizations behind them — but are still very important to our future.

正如我们必须专注于STEM的多样性，包容性和教育公平性一样，STEM领导者也有责任引起对科学，工程和数学的跨学科形式的关注，而这些形式背后根本就没有同样强大的倡导组织，但对我们的未来仍然非常重要。

Math stands out as perhaps the STEM subject with the fewest high-profile cheerleaders lobbying school districts and organizing fundraisers on its behalf, yet it’s a critical foundation for nearly all types of scientific inquiry and careers. Any student who wishes to major in one of the sciences — and even the so-called “soft” sciences like sociology, psychology, and economics — will also have to demonstrate a thorough understanding of statistics and higher mathematics. And of course, numeracy is a life skill that allows people to do everything from managing their money to doubling recipes.

数学也许是STEM学科中脱颖而出的一门学科，而在学校学区游说并组织筹款活动的拉拉队最少，但它却是几乎所有类型的科学探究和职业的重要基础。 任何希望攻读其中一门科学，甚至是社会科学，心理学和经济学之类的所谓“软”科学的学生，都必须对统计学和高等数学有透彻的理解。 当然，算术是一种生活技能，使人们能够做所有事情，从理财到加倍食谱。

Image: Getty# 590478581 / Female Physicist Conducting An Experiment

图片：Getty＃590478581 /进行实验的女物理学家

Physicist Michael Marder also points out that the type of thinking required in one kind of science is not the same as what’s required in another discipline. For example, physicists tend to rely on mathematical models to solve problems and conduct experiments, while biologists design more traditional, hypothesis-based experiments. If we aren’t careful to expose students to all of the rich possibilities of science and engineering, they’ll miss out on new ways to think and approach the problems of the world.

物理学家迈克尔·马德( Michael Marder)还指出，一门科学需要的思维方式与另一门学科所要求的思维方式不同。 例如，物理学家倾向于依靠数学模型来解决问题并进行实验，而生物学家则设计更传统的基于假设的实验。 如果我们不谨慎地让学生接触科学和工程学的所有丰富可能性，那么他们将错过思考和解决世界问题的新方法。

STEM灵魂之战 (The Battle for the Soul of STEM)

Therefore, finding solutions to humanity’s challenges and developing exciting innovations are definitely not the sole provenance of Silicon Valley. As we head into a new decade, great advancements will be made in other STEM-heavy industries following current trends towards a new multipolar, geopolitical order. It will be a departure from what we have witnessed for much of the post–World War II era that many in the West have grown accustomed to since the fall of the Soviet Union.

因此，寻找解决人类挑战的方案并开发令人兴奋的创新绝对不是硅谷的唯一出处。 随着我们迈入新的十年，随着当前朝着新的多极，地缘政治秩序发展的趋势，其他STEM重工业将取得巨大进步。 这将与第二次世界大战后我们目睹的许多东西背道而驰，因为苏联解体以来，西方许多人已经习惯了这种方式。

So while there’s certainly value in learning to code, it’s important to make it clear to the moneyed interests who are trying to co-opt the STEM movement for personal gain — STEM education is not for sale. As long as there’s a passionate, decentralized group of educators and innovators looking for ways to enrich the lives of the common man, woman and child in the spirit of peace and human progress, STEM will continue to flourish in all its marvel. It will not be controlled solely by governments or corporations with deep pockets nor by lobbyists with ulterior motives.

因此，尽管学习编码当然有价值，但重要的是要向那些有意加入STEM运动以谋取个人利益的有钱人表明清楚– STEM教育不可出售。 只要有一群热情的，分散的教育者和创新者团体寻求本着和平与人类进步的精神丰富普通男人，女人和孩子的生活，STEM便会继续蓬勃发展。 它不会仅由财大气粗的政府或公司控制，也不会由别有用心的游说者控制。

It’s time to disrupt the disruptors and make it clear that there are four capital letters in STEM, and that it belongs to everyone.

现在是时候破坏破坏者了，并明确表明STEM中有四个大写字母，并且它属于所有人。

Image: Getty# 150337674 / Teacher Discussing Astronomy With Her Students

图片：Getty＃150337674 /老师和她的学生讨论天文学

This article was originally featured in The STEM.org Informer™: A Newsweek Publication on August 7th, 2020 and updated for Medium on September 20th, 2020.

这篇文章最初在STEM.org Informer™： 2020年8月7日的新闻周刊上发表，并于2020年9月20日更新为Medium 。

Andrew B. Raupp is the Founder / Executive Director @stemdotorg. “Democratizing science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education through sound policy & practice… Applying STEM to better understand it”

安德鲁B. Raupp是创始人/执行董事@stemdotorg 。 “通过合理的政策和实践使科学，技术，工程和数学(STEM)教育民主化……运用STEM可以更好地理解它”

翻译自: https://medium.com/swlh/there-are-no-lowercase-letters-in-stem-8a93e1ccbfda

中文为什么没有词干提取