网络参数可视化_可视化参数化量子分类器

网络参数可视化

The goal of this post is to explain the parameterized binary classifier of a quantum state in the case of 1 qubit. This simple case allows us to have some nice visualizations and even some analytical expressions.

这篇文章的目的是解释在1量子位的情况下量子态的参数化二进制分类器。 这个简单的案例使我们可以有一些不错的可视化甚至解析表达式。

The first part will state the results and display the figures, whereas the technical proofs will be left to the second part. So if you don’t like equations, you can stop reading after the first part.

第一部分将陈述结果并显示数字，而技术证明将留给第二部分。 因此，如果您不喜欢方程式，可以在第一部分之后停止阅读。

I encourage everyone not familiar with the spherical coordinates to have a look here, since it is the core of this post.

我鼓励所有不熟悉球坐标的人在这里看看，因为它是本文的核心。

This post is not an introduction to quantum computing, here is one of the clearest video about it. Here is a more detailed article.

这篇文章不是量子计算的介绍，这是关于它的最清晰的视频之一。 这是更详细的文章。

All the figures have been created with the library QuTip.

所有图形都是使用库QuTip创建的。

可视化和结果 (Visualizations and results)

布洛赫球(The Bloch sphere)

A quantum state can be represented as a complex vector |Ψ> = 𝑎|0>+𝑏|1> such as |𝑎|² + |𝑏|² = 1. It is also defined up to a global phase, and we can write |Ψ> = cos(𝜃/2)|0> + e^(iϕ)sin(𝜃/2)|1> with 𝜃 ∈ [0, π] and ϕ∈ [0, 2π]. The couple (𝜃, ϕ) defines a point on the unit sphere of R^3, and such a representation of the qubit is called the Bloch sphere.

量子态可以表示为复矢量|Ψ> =𝑎| 0> +𝑏| 1>，例如|𝑎|²+ |𝑏|²=1。它也可以定义为一个全局相位，我们可以用𝜃∈[0，π]和ϕ∈ [0，2π]来写|Ψ> = cos(𝜃 / 2)| 0> + e ^(iϕ)sin(𝜃 / 2)| 1>。 偶对(𝜃，defines)在R ^ 3的单位球面上定义了一个点，这样的qubit表示称为Bloch球。

Here is an example of quantum states represented in the Bloch sphere. In blue the state |0>, in red the state |1> and in green the state 1/√2 (|0> + |1>).

这是布洛赫球中表示的量子态的示例。 蓝色为| 0>状态，红色为| 1>状态，绿色为1 /√2(| 0> + | 1>)。

量子态的二元分类器。 (Binary classifier of quantum states.)

As in a classical classification problem, we suppose that for each quantum state is associated a label y in {0, 1}. We have this label observed for a set of states called the training set, and we wish to construct a function which predicts the label of a new quantum state. We wish to construct a parameterized unitary operator U(⍺) such as

就像在经典分类问题中一样，我们假设对于每个量子态，{0，1}中的标记y都与之相关。 我们