web应用程序测试_测试Web应用程序的7种方法

web应用程序测试

什么是Web测试，为什么要测试？ (What is Web Testing and Why should I Test?)

Website testing is checking your web application or website for potential bugs before its made live and is accessible to the general public. Web Testing checks for functionality, usability, security, compatibility, database performance, and interface of the web application or website.

网站测试是指在您的Web应用程序或网站启用并可供公众访问之前检查其潜在的错误。 Web测试检查功能 ， 可用性 ， 安全性 ， 兼容性 ， 数据库 性能以及Web应用程序或网站的界面 。

During this stage issues such as that of web application security, the functioning of the site, its access to handicapped as well as regular users, and its ability to handle traffic is checked. Not only should you test to make sure your application is as viable as possible, but you should also keep in mind that not testing could result in loss of precious data or even affect your company’s standing with the public.

在此阶段，将检查Web应用程序安全性，站点的功能，对残疾人和普通用户的访问权限以及其处理流量的能力等问题。 您不仅应进行测试以确保您的应用程序尽可能可行，而且还应牢记，不进行测试可能会导致丢失宝贵的数据，甚至影响公司在公众中的信誉。

For software development, follow these 7 web testing requirements.

对于软件开发，请遵循以下7个Web测试要求。

1.功能测试 (1. Functionality Test)

Functionality Testing is a process that includes several testing parameters like user interface, APIs, database testing, security testing, client and server testing, and basic website functionalities. Functional testing is very convenient and it allows users to perform both manual and automated testing. It is performed to test the functionalities of each feature on the website.

功能测试是一个包含几个测试参数的过程，例如用户界面，API，数据库测试，安全测试，客户端和服务器测试以及基本的网站功能。 功能测试非常方便，它允许用户执行手动和自动测试。 它被执行以测试网站上每个功能的功能。

Test all links in your webpages and make sure there are no broken links. Links to be tested include: external links, internal links, anchor tags, mailto links, and etc.

测试网页中的所有链接，并确保没有损坏的链接。 要测试的链接包括：外部链接，内部链接，锚标记，mailto链接等。

Test Forms are working as expected. This will include:

测试表格按预期工作。 这将包括：

• Scripting checks on the form are working as expected. For example- if a user does not fill a mandatory field in a form an error message is shown.
  表单上的脚本检查按预期工作。 例如-如果用户未在表单中填写必填字段，则会显示错误消息。
• Check default values are being populated.
  检查是否正在填充默认值。
• Once submitted, the data in the forms is submitted to a live database or is linked to a working email address. These forms are formatted for better readability.
  提交后，表单中的数据将提交到实时数据库或链接到有效的电子邮件地址。 这些表格经过格式化以提高可读性。

Test Sessions or that cookies are working as expected. Cookies are small files used by websites to remember active user sessions so you do not need to log in every time you visit a website.

测试会话或cookie是否按预期工作。 Cookies是网站用来记住活动用户会话的小文件，因此您无需在每次访问网站时都进行登录。

Cookie Testing will include: testing cookies are deleted either when cache is cleared or when they reach their expiry, and deleting cookies so login credentials are asked for when you next visit the site.

Cookie测试将包括：测试cookie在清除缓存或缓存到期时将被删除，并删除co​​okie，以便在您下次访问该网站时要求输入登录凭据。

Test HTML and CSS to ensure that search engines can crawl your site easily. This will include: checking for syntax errors, readable Color Schemas, and standard compliance. Ensure standards such W3C, OASIS, IETF, ISO, ECMA, or WS-I are followed.

测试HTML和CSS，以确保搜索引擎可以轻松地抓取您的网站。 这将包括：检查语法错误，可读的颜色模式和标准符合性。 确保遵循W3C，OASIS，IETF，ISO，ECMA或WS-I等标准。

2.可用性测试 (2. Usability Test)

Usability Testing has now become a vital part of any web based project. It can be carried out by testers like you or a small focus group similar to the target audience of the web application.

可用性测试现已成为任何基于Web的项目的重要组成部分。 可以由像您这样的测试人员或与Web应用程序目标受众相似的小型焦点小组来执行。

Test the site navigation by ensuring menus, buttons or Links to different pages on your site should be easily visible and consistent on all webpages.

通过确保菜单，按钮或指向您网站上不同页面的链接在所有网页上均应易于显示且一致，来测试网站导航。

Test the web content by making sure content is legible with no spelling or grammatical errors and images, if present, should contain an “alt” text.

通过确保内容清晰易读，没有拼写或语法错误来测试Web内容，并且图像(如果存在)应包含“替代”文本。

3.接口测试 (3. Interface Test)

Areas to be tested: Application, Web and Database Server.

要测试的区域：应用程序，Web和数据库服务器。

1. Application: Test requests are sent correctly to the Database and output at the client side is displayed correctly. Errors if any must be caught by the application and must be only shown to the administrator and not the end user.
   应用程序：测试请求已正确发送到数据库，并且客户端的输出正确显示。 错误(如果有)必须由应用程序捕获，并且必须仅显示给管理员，而不显示给最终用户。
2. Web Server: Test Web server is handling all application requests without any service denial.
   Web服务器：测试Web服务器正在处理所有应用程序请求，而没有任何服务拒绝。
3. Database Server: Make sure queries sent to the database give expected results.
   数据库服务器：确保发送到数据库的查询给出了预期的结果。

4.数据库测试 (4. Database Test)

Database is one critical component of your web application and stress must be laid to test it thoroughly. Remember to:

数据库是Web应用程序的重要组成部分，必须承担压力才能对其进行全面测试。 记得：

• Test if any errors are shown while executing queries
  测试执行查询时是否显示任何错误
• Data Integrity is maintained while creating, updating or deleting data in database.
  在数据库中创建，更新或删除数据时，将保持数据完整性。
• Test data retrieved from your database is shown accurately in your web application
  从数据库中检索到的测试数据将正确显示在Web应用程序中

5.兼容性测试 (5. Compatibility Test)

Compatibility tests ensures that your web application displays correctly across different devices. This would include a browser compatibility test by testing if your web application is being displayed correctly across browsers, JavaScript, AJAX and authentication is working fine. You may also check for Mobile Responsiveness.

兼容性测试可确保您的Web应用程序在不同设备上正确显示。 这将包括浏览器兼容性测试，该测试通过测试您的Web应用程序是否在浏览器中正确显示，JavaScript，AJAX和身份验证是否正常进行。 您也可以检查移动响应能力。

Rendering of web elements like buttons, text fields etc. are different depending on Operating System. Make sure your website works fine for various combination of OS such as Windows, Linux, Mac. Also test browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.

Web元素(如按钮，文本字段等)的呈现方式因操作系统而异。 确保您的网站可以在各种操作系统(例如Windows，Linux，Mac)上正常运行。 还可以测试浏览器，例如Chrome，Firefox，Internet Explorer，Safari等。

6.性能测试 (6. Performance Test)

This will ensure your site works under all loads. Make sure:

这将确保您的网站在所有负载下都能正常工作。 确保：

• Website application response times at different connection speeds
  不同连接速度下的网站应用程序响应时间
• Stress test your web site to determine its break point when pushed beyond normal loads at peak time
  对您的网站进行压力测试，以确定在高峰时间超出正常负载时的断点
• Make sure optimization techniques like file compression, browser/server side cache enabled to reduce load times, and minifying code
  确保启用优化技术，例如文件压缩，浏览器/服务器端缓存以减少加载时间并减少代码

7.安全测试 (7. Security Test)

Security Testing is important for eCommerce websites that store sensitive customer information like credit card numbers, addresses, and etc. Testing the security by making sure:

安全性测试对于存储敏感客户信息(例如信用卡号，地址等)的电子商务网站非常重要。通过确保以下各项来测试安全性：

• Unauthorized access to secure pages should not be permitted
  禁止未经授权访问安全页面
• Restricted files should not be downloadable without role access
  没有角色访问权限就不能下载受限制的文件
• Sessions are automatically killed after prolonged user inactivity
  用户长时间不活动后，会话将自动终止
• Site uses SSL certificates and should re-direct to encrypted SSL pages.
  网站使用SSL证书，并且应重定向到加密的SSL页面。

翻译自: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/7-ways-to-test-your-web-application-cccd773285d1

web应用程序测试