mysql variables global_关于global variables和variables的疑问

The MySQL client programs mysql, mysqladmin, mysqlcheck, mysqlimport, and mysqlshow determine the default character set to use as follows:

In the absence of other information, the programs use the compiled-in default character set, usually latin1.

The programs can autodetect which character set to use based on the operating system setting, such as the value of the LANG or LC_ALL locale environment variable on Unix systems or the code page setting on Windows systems. For systems on which the locale is available from the OS, the client uses it to set the default character set rather than using the compiled-in default. For example, setting LANG to ru_RU.KOI8-R causes the koi8r character set to be used. Thus, users can configure the locale in their environment for use by MySQL clients.

The OS character set is mapped to the closest MySQL character set if there is no exact match. If the client does not support the matching character set, it uses the compiled-in default. For example, ucs2 is not supported as a connection character set.

C applications that wish to use character set autodetection based on the OS setting can invoke the following mysql_options() call before connecting to the server:

mysql_options(mysql,

MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_NAME,

MYSQL_AUTODETECT_CHARSET_NAME);

The programs support a --default-character-set option, which enables users to specify the character set explicitly to override whatever default the client otherwise determines.

Note

Before MySQL 5.5, in the absence of other information, the MySQL client programs used the compiled-in default character set, usually latin1. An implication of this difference is that if your environment is configured to use a non-latin1 locale, MySQL client programs will use a different connection character set than previously, as though you had issued an implicit SET NAMES statement. If the previous behavior is required, start the client with the --default-character-set=latin1 option.

When a client connects to the server, it sends the name of the character set that it wants to use. The server uses the name to set the character_set_client, character_set_results, and character_set_connection system variables. In effect, the server performs a SET NAMES operation using the character set name.