linux内核模块开发hello,如何编写Linux内核模块？

一、问题来源

测试内核漏洞利用

二、解决步骤

1.编写内核模块 hello_world_mod.c

#include

#include

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

static int hello_init(void)

{

printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, world\n");

return 0;

}

static void hello_exit(void)

{

printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye, world\n");

}

module_init(hello_init);

module_exit(hello_exit);

2.编译

编写Makefile

obj-m += hello_world_mod.o

all:

make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

clean:

make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

编译

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ ls

hello_world_mod.c Makefile

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ make

make -C /lib/modules/4.4.0-112-generic/build M=/home/invincible/Desktop/my_mods modules

make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-112-generic'

CC [M] /home/invincible/Desktop/my_mods/hello_world_mod.o

Building modules, stage 2.

MODPOST 1 modules

CC /home/invincible/Desktop/my_mods/hello_world_mod.mod.o

LD [M] /home/invincible/Desktop/my_mods/hello_world_mod.ko

make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-112-generic'

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ ls

hello_world_mod.c hello_world_mod.mod.c hello_world_mod.o modules.order

hello_world_mod.ko hello_world_mod.mod.o Makefile Module.symvers

3.加载和卸载

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ sudo insmod hello_world_mod.ko

[sudo] password for invincible:

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ dmesg | tail -1

[23470.393026] Hello, world

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ sudo rmmod hello_world_mod

invincible@ubuntu:~/Desktop/my_mods$ dmesg |tail -1

[23500.854576] Goodbye, world

三、知识点

什么是内核模块？

Modules are an efficient way of adding device drivers, filesystems and other components dynamically into the Linux kernel without having to build a new kernel or reboot the system.

模块是一种有效的向Linux Kernel中动态添加device drivers, filesystems 等内核组件的方法，这种方式不需要重新编译内核也不需要重启内核。

Externally, modules are just normal relocatable object files, as a file call will quickly confirm:

wolfgang@meitner> file vfat.ko

vfat.ko: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped

They are, of course, neither executable files nor program libraries as normally found in system program- ming; however, the basic structure of the binary module file is based on the same scheme also used for the above purposes.

模块也是一种ELF格式的文件。

内核模块代码含义？

hello_init和hello_exit

This module defines two functions, one to be invoked when the module is loaded into the kernel(hello_init) and one for when the module is removed(hello_exit).

自定义的两个函数，分别作为module_init和module_exit宏的参数，当模块被加载和卸载时调用。

module_init和module_exit宏

The module_init and module_exit lines use special kernel macros to indicate the role of these two functions.

用于声明模块加载和卸载的时候调用的函数。

MODULE_LICENSE

Another special macro(MODULE_LICENSE) is used to tell the kernel that this module bears a free license; without such a declaration, the kernel complains when the module is loaded.

用于声明License, 带着就行了

invincible$ grep "MODULE_LICENSE" -nr ./

.//kvm_main.c:72:MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

kvm 用的GPL license

Makefile代码含义？

Linux/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt

3.1 Goal definitions

Goal definitions are the main part (heart) of the kbuild Makefile.

...

The most simple kbuild makefile contains one line:

Example:

obj-y += foo.o

This tells kbuild that there is one object in that directory, named foo.o. foo.o will be built from foo.c or foo.S.

If foo.o shall be built as a module, the variable obj-m is used.

Linux/Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt

=== 2. How to Build External Modules

--- 2.1 Command Syntax

The command to build an external module is:

$ make -C M=$PWD

The kbuild system knows that an external module is being built

due to the "M=

To build against the running kernel use:

$ make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD

...

--- 2.2 Options

($KDIR refers to the path of the kernel source directory.)

make -C $KDIR M=$PWD

-C $KDIR

The directory where the kernel source is located.

"make" will actually change to the specified directory

when executing and will change back when finished.

M=$PWD

Informs kbuild that an external module is being built.

The value given to "M" is the absolute path of the

directory where the external module (kbuild file) is

located.

--- 2.3 Targets

When building an external module, only a subset of the "make"

targets are available.

make -C $KDIR M=$PWD [target]

The default will build the module(s) located in the current

directory, so a target does not need to be specified. All

output files will also be generated in this directory. No

attempts are made to update the kernel source, and it is a

precondition that a successful "make" has been executed for the

kernel.

modules

The default target for external modules. It has the

same functionality as if no target was specified. See

description above.

modules_install

...

clean

Remove all generated files in the module directory only.

help

...

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