一、使用纯Servlet实现验证码
(1)在web.xml配置:
image
org.test.web.AuthImage
image
/authImage
(2)servlet源码
publicclassAuthImageextendsHttpServlet
{
privatestaticfinalString CONTENT_TYPE ="text/html; charset=gb2312";
//设置字母的大小,大小
privateFont mFont =newFont("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN,17);
publicvoidinit()throwsServletException
{
super.init();
}
Color getRandColor(intfc,intbc)
{
Random random = newRandom();
if(fc>255) fc=255;
if(bc>255) bc=255;
intr=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
intg=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
intb=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
returnnewColor(r,g,b);
}
publicvoidservice(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throwsServletException, IOException
{
response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
//表明生成的响应是图片
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
intwidth=100, height=18;
BufferedImage image = newBufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
Random random = newRandom();
g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
g.fillRect(1,1, width-1, height-1);
g.setColor(newColor(102,102,102));
g.drawRect(0,0, width-1, height-1);
g.setFont(mFont);
g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
//画随机线
for(inti=0;i<155;i++)
{
intx = random.nextInt(width -1);
inty = random.nextInt(height -1);
intxl = random.nextInt(6) +1;
intyl = random.nextInt(12) +1;
g.drawLine(x,y,x + xl,y + yl);
}
//从另一方向画随机线
for(inti =0;i <70;i++)
{
intx = random.nextInt(width -1);
inty = random.nextInt(height -1);
intxl = random.nextInt(12) +1;
intyl = random.nextInt(6) +1;
g.drawLine(x,y,x - xl,y - yl);
}
//生成随机数,并将随机数字转换为字母
String sRand="";
for(inti=0;i<6;i++)
{
intitmp = random.nextInt(26) +65;
charctmp = (char)itmp;
sRand += String.valueOf(ctmp);
g.setColor(newColor(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
g.drawString(String.valueOf(ctmp),15*i+10,16);
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
session.setAttribute("rand",sRand);
g.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
}
publicvoiddestroy()
{
}
}
(3)页面显示
二、使用纯jsp实现验证码
contentType="image/jpeg"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cahce-Control","no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
//在内存中创建图片
intwidth=60,height=20;
BufferedImage image=newBufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//获取图形上下文
Graphics g= image.getGraphics();
//生成随机类
Random random= newRandom();
//设置背景颜色
g.setColor(newColor(160,200,100));
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//设置字体
g.setFont(newFont("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18));
//随机产生50条干扰线,使图形中的验证码不易被其他的程序探测到
g.setColor(newColor(160,200,200));
for(inti=0;i<50;i++)
{
intx=random.nextInt(width);
inty=random.nextInt(height);
intx1=random.nextInt(width);
inty1=random.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x,y,x+x1,y+y1);
}
//随机产生验证码(6位数字)
String sRand="";
for(inti=0;i<6;i++)
{
String rand=String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
sRand+=rand;
//将验证码显示到图象
g.setColor(newColor(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
g.drawString(rand,13*i+6,16);
}
session.setAttribute("rand",sRand);//将产生的验证码存储到sesson中
g.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image,"JPEG",response.getOutputStream());
out.clear(); //***********
out=pageContext.pushBody();//**********
%>
三、使用Struts2来实现验证码
(1)定义一个生成验证码的工具类
packagecom.cn.hospital.util;
importjava.awt.Color;
importjava.awt.Font;
importjava.awt.Graphics;
importjava.awt.image.BufferedImage;
importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
importjava.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
importjava.util.Random;
importjavax.imageio.ImageIO;
importjavax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
publicclassRandomNumUtil {
privateByteArrayInputStream image;//图像
privateString str;//验证码
privateRandomNumUtil(){
init();//初始化属性
}
/*
* 取得RandomNumUtil实例
*/
publicstaticRandomNumUtil Instance(){
returnnewRandomNumUtil();
}
/*
* 取得验证码图片
*/
publicByteArrayInputStream getImage(){
returnthis.image;
}
/*
* 取得图片的验证码
*/
publicString getString(){
returnthis.str;
}
privatevoidinit() {
// 在内存中创建图象
intwidth=85, height=20;
BufferedImage image = newBufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取图形上下文
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// 生成随机类
Random random = newRandom();
// 设定背景色
g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
g.fillRect(0,0, width, height);
// 设定字体
g.setFont(newFont("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18));
// 随机产生155条干扰线,使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
for(inti=0;i<155;i++)
{
intx = random.nextInt(width);
inty = random.nextInt(height);
intxl = random.nextInt(12);
intyl = random.nextInt(12);
g.drawLine(x,y,x+xl,y+yl);
}
// 取随机产生的认证码(6位数字)
String sRand="";
for(inti=0;i<6;i++){
String rand=String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
sRand+=rand;
// 将认证码显示到图象中
g.setColor(newColor(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
// 调用函数出来的颜色相同,可能是因为种子太接近,所以只能直接生成
g.drawString(rand,13*i+6,16);
}
//赋值验证码
this.str=sRand;
//图象生效
g.dispose();
ByteArrayInputStream input=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream output = newByteArrayOutputStream();
try{
ImageOutputStream imageOut = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(output);
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", imageOut);
imageOut.close();
input = newByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("验证码图片产生出现错误:"+e.toString());
}
this.image=input;/* 赋值图像 */
}
/*
* 给定范围获得随机颜色
*/
privateColor getRandColor(intfc,intbc){
Random random = newRandom();
if(fc>255) fc=255;
if(bc>255) bc=255;
intr=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
intg=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
intb=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
returnnewColor(r,g,b);
}
}
(2)定义一个验证码输出的action
packagecom.cn.hospital.action;
importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
importjava.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
importcom.cn.hospital.util.RandomCharUtil;
importcom.cn.hospital.util.RandomNumUtil;
importcom.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
importcom.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
("utilAction")
@Scope("prototype")
publicclassUtilActionextendsActionSupport{
privatestaticfinallongserialVersionUID = -7193209177116825032L;
privateByteArrayInputStream inputStream;
privateintwidth;
privateintheight;
privateintfontSize;
privateintcodeLength;
privateintdisturbType;
publicString validNumGenerate()throwsException{
RandomNumUtil rdnu=RandomNumUtil.Instance();
this.setInputStream(rdnu.getImage());//取得带有随机字符串的图片
ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("random", rdnu.getString());//取得随机字符串放入HttpSession
returnSUCCESS;
}
publicvoidsetInputStream(ByteArrayInputStream inputStream) {
this.inputStream = inputStream;
}
publicByteArrayInputStream getInputStream() {
returninputStream;
}
}
(3)struts.xml配置
image/jpeg
inputStream
四、小结
对于java的web技术,归根究底还是在服务器端执行的servlet.从上面的三种不同实现中,我们很容易察觉到他们存在一个共同点,那就是返回浏览器端的contentType。
servlet:使用response.setContentType(" ");方法来实现
jsp:在中来实现
struts2:通过配置 来实现
至于验证码的产生其实比较简单,在这里就不深究了。就此一点小感想,与同行共勉。