1、背景:
近日切换到python3后,发现python3在多态处理上,有一些比较有意思的情况,特别记载,供大家参考。。。
以廖老师的python3教程中的animal 和dog的继承一节的代码做例子,上代码先:
#!/usr/bin/env python3#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
classAnimal(object):defrun1(self):print('Animal is running 1...')defrun2(self):
self.run1()print('Animal is running 2...')classCat(Animal):defrun1(self,name):print('[%s] Cat is running1...' %name)def run2(self,name=""):
super().run2()print('[%s] cat is running2...' %name)defrun_twice(animal):
animal.run1("1")
animal.run2("2")if __name__=='__main__':
c=Cat()
run_twice(c)
输出结果:
[1] Cat is running1...
报错信息如下:
 File "d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 28, in run_twice(c)
 File"d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 23, inrun_twice
animal.run2("2")
 File"d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 17, inrun2
super().run2()
 File"d:\python\tensf\clstest.py", line 8, inrun2
self.run1()
builtins.TypeError: run1() missing1 required positional argument: 'name'
2、分析原因:
1、父类animal中run2()调用了run1()
2、子类cat中覆盖了run1(),增加了name参数,并覆盖了run2(),同样增加了name参数,并调用父类animal中run2()
3、理想中的状态,父类的run2()应该是调用父类的run1(),实际却是调用子类的run1(),所以导致参数匹配错误。
builtins.TypeError: run1() missing 1 required positional argument:'name'
解决方案要分情况,就本例而言给name赋上默认值即可。
3、延伸
问题来源于自己写了configparser的扩展包,实现给get(),getint(),set()加默认值的方法,在python2中好用,移到python3中突然不好用了,有点发懵。
不过仔细分析,还是python3中configparser的get()有修改。
困扰了我接近一天,还是基本功有问题,贴上我写的简单代码。
补充一点:python3下默认有configparser,无需额外用pip安装,而且大写改成了小写。
#coding=utf-8
'''Date :2016.10.8
Author : joshua zou
Purpose :
configparser 的扩展类,增加默认值,兼容key不存在的情况。
Use exap:
import eConfig as eTax
INICONFIG=eTax.eConfig()
#读取配置文件中配置
debuglevel = INICONFIG.get('default','debuglevel')'''
try:from configparser importOrderedDict as _default_dictexceptImportError:#fallback for setup.py which hasn't yet built _collections
_default_dict =dictfrom configparser importRawConfigParserclasseConfig(RawConfigParser ):def __init__(self, defaults=None, dict_type=_default_dict,
allow_no_value=False):
super().__init__(defaults, dict_type,allow_no_value)def get(self, section, option, default='',**kwargs):try:
sRet= super().get(section, option,**kwargs)except:
sRet=defaultreturnsRetdef getint(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):try:
sRet= super().getint(section, option,**kwargs)exceptException as e :
sRet=defaultreturnsRetdef getfloat(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):try:
sRet=super().getfloat(section, option)except:
sRet=defaultreturnsRetdef getboolean(self, section, option,default=None,**kwargs):try:
sRet=super().getboolean(section, option)except:
sRet=defaultreturnsRetdefset(self, section, option,value):if notsuper().has_section(section):
sRet=super().add_section(section)
sRet=super().set(section, option, value)returnsRetif __name__ == "__main__":#读取配置
filename = r'zhbook.ini'sf=eConfig()
sf.read(filename)print (sf.get('name', 'lastchp','1'))print (sf.getint('name', 'lastchp',0))print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1', '1'))print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1'))print (sf.getint('default', 'taskcount1'))print (sf.getboolean('default', 'taskcount1'))print (sf.getfloat('default', 'taskcount1'))print (sf.set('default2', 'taskcount1',u'2222'))#保存配置
fp = open(filename,"w")
sf.write(fp)
fp.close()print (sf.get('default', 'taskcount1'))
sf.remove_option('default','taskcount1')
fp= open(filename,"w")
sf.write(fp)
fp.close()