java http请求_Java 实现 HTTP 请求的三种方式

第一种方式：java原生HttpURLConnection

第二种方式：apache HttpClient3.1

第三种方式：apache httpClient4.5

除了本文推荐的几种方式，强烈推荐 OkHttp

目前JAVA实现HTTP请求的方法用的最多的有两种：一种是通过HTTPClient这种第三方的开源框架去实现。HTTPClient对HTTP的封装性比较不错，通过它基本上能够满足我们大部分的需求。

HttpClient3.1 是 org.apache.commons.httpclient下操作远程 url的工具包，虽然已不再更新，但实现工作中使用httpClient3.1的代码还是很多，HttpClient4.5是org.apache.http.client下操作远程 url的工具包，最新的；

另一种则是通过HttpURLConnection去实现，HttpURLConnection是JAVA的标准类，是JAVA比较原生的一种实现方式。

自己在工作中三种方式都用到过，总结一下分享给大家，也方便自己以后使用，话不多说上代码。

第一种方式：java原生HttpURLConnection

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.net.URL;

public class HttpClient {

public static String doGet(String httpurl) {

HttpURLConnection connection = null;

InputStream is = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

String result = null;// 返回结果字符串

try {

// 创建远程url连接对象

URL url = new URL(httpurl);

// 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接，强转成httpURLConnection类

connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

// 设置连接方式：get

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

// 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间：15000毫秒

connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);

// 设置读取远程返回的数据时间：60000毫秒

connection.setReadTimeout(60000);

// 发送请求

connection.connect();

// 通过connection连接，获取输入流

if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {

is = connection.getInputStream();

// 封装输入流is，并指定字符集

br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

// 存放数据

StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();

String temp = null;

while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {

sbf.append(temp);

sbf.append("\r\n");

}

result = sbf.toString();

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != br) {

try {

br.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != is) {

try {

is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接

}

return result;

}

public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) {

HttpURLConnection connection = null;

InputStream is = null;

OutputStream os = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

String result = null;

try {

URL url = new URL(httpUrl);

// 通过远程url连接对象打开连接

connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

// 设置连接请求方式

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

// 设置连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒

connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);

// 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间：60000毫秒

connection.setReadTimeout(60000);

// 默认值为：false，当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时，需要设置为true

connection.setDoOutput(true);

// 默认值为：true，当前向远程服务读取数据时，设置为true，该参数可有可无

connection.setDoInput(true);

// 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。

connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

// 设置鉴权信息：Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0

connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");

// 通过连接对象获取一个输出流

os = connection.getOutputStream();

// 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的

os.write(param.getBytes());

// 通过连接对象获取一个输入流，向远程读取

if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {

is = connection.getInputStream();

// 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置

br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();

String temp = null;

// 循环遍历一行一行读取数据

while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {

sbf.append(temp);

sbf.append("\r\n");

}

result = sbf.toString();

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != br) {

try {

br.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != os) {

try {

os.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != is) {

try {

is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 断开与远程地址url的连接

connection.disconnect();

}

return result;

}

}

第二种方式：apache HttpClient3.1

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

public class HttpClient3 {

public static String doGet(String url) {

// 输入流

InputStream is = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

String result = null;

// 创建httpClient实例

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

// 设置http连接主机服务超时时间：15000毫秒

// 先获取连接管理器对象，再获取参数对象,再进行参数的赋值

httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);

// 创建一个Get方法实例对象

GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);

// 设置get请求超时为60000毫秒

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);

// 设置请求重试机制，默认重试次数：3次，参数设置为true，重试机制可用，false相反

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler(3, true));

try {

// 执行Get方法

int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

// 判断返回码

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

// 如果状态码返回的不是ok,说明失败了,打印错误信息

System.err.println("Method faild: " + getMethod.getStatusLine());

} else {

// 通过getMethod实例，获取远程的一个输入流

is = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

// 包装输入流

br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();

// 读取封装的输入流

String temp = null;

while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {

sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n");

}

result = sbf.toString();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != br) {

try {

br.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != is) {

try {

is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 释放连接

getMethod.releaseConnection();

}

return result;

}

public static String doPost(String url, Map paramMap) {

// 获取输入流

InputStream is = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

String result = null;

// 创建httpClient实例对象

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

// 设置httpClient连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒

httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);

// 创建post请求方法实例对象

PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);

// 设置post请求超时时间

postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);

NameValuePair[] nvp = null;

// 判断参数map集合paramMap是否为空

if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {// 不为空

// 创建键值参数对象数组，大小为参数的个数

nvp = new NameValuePair[paramMap.size()];

// 循环遍历参数集合map

Set> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();

// 获取迭代器

Iterator> iterator = entrySet.iterator();

int index = 0;

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

Entry mapEntry = iterator.next();

// 从mapEntry中获取key和value创建键值对象存放到数组中

try {

nvp[index] = new NameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(),

new String(mapEntry.getValue().toString().getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

index++;

}

}

// 判断nvp数组是否为空

if (null != nvp && nvp.length > 0) {

// 将参数存放到requestBody对象中

postMethod.setRequestBody(nvp);

}

// 执行POST方法

try {

int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);

// 判断是否成功

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

System.err.println("Method faild: " + postMethod.getStatusLine());

}

// 获取远程返回的数据

is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

// 封装输入流

br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();

String temp = null;

while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {

sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n");

}

result = sbf.toString();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != br) {

try {

br.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != is) {

try {

is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 释放连接

postMethod.releaseConnection();

}

return result;

}

}

第三种方式：apache httpClient4.5

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClient4 {

public static String doGet(String url) {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

String result = "";

try {

// 通过址默认配置创建一个httpClient实例

httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

// 创建httpGet远程连接实例

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);

// 设置请求头信息，鉴权

httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");

// 设置配置请求参数

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 连接主机服务超时时间

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 请求超时时间

.setSocketTimeout(60000)// 数据读取超时时间

.build();

// 为httpGet实例设置配置

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 执行get请求得到返回对象

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 通过返回对象获取返回数据

HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

// 通过EntityUtils中的toString方法将结果转换为字符串

result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != response) {

try {

response.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != httpClient) {

try {

httpClient.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

return result;

}

public static String doPost(String url, Map paramMap) {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;

String result = "";

// 创建httpClient实例

httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

// 创建httpPost远程连接实例

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

// 配置请求参数实例

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 设置连接主机服务超时时间

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 设置连接请求超时时间

.setSocketTimeout(60000)// 设置读取数据连接超时时间

.build();

// 为httpPost实例设置配置

httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 设置请求头

httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

// 封装post请求参数

if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {

List nvps = new ArrayList();

// 通过map集成entrySet方法获取entity

Set> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();

// 循环遍历，获取迭代器

Iterator> iterator = entrySet.iterator();

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

Entry mapEntry = iterator.next();

nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(), mapEntry.getValue().toString()));

}

// 为httpPost设置封装好的请求参数

try {

httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8"));

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

try {

// httpClient对象执行post请求,并返回响应参数对象

httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应对象中获取响应内容

HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();

result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

// 关闭资源

if (null != httpResponse) {

try {

httpResponse.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (null != httpClient) {

try {

httpClient.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

return result;

}

}

有时候我们在使用post请求时，可能传入的参数是json或者其他格式，此时我们则需要更改请求头及参数的设置信息，以httpClient4.5为例，更改下面两列配置：httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity("你的json串")); httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")。