随机数发生器c语言,C语言中的随机数发生器

/**

* random number generator

* rand(),srand(),time()

* summary:

* 1. 如果seed确定，那么产生的随机数(或随机数序列)也是确定的；默认seed值为1；

* 2. 见①

* 3. 产生一定范围内的随机数，见test-05

* 4. 局限：随机数不会超过RAND_MAX

* 5. 是否等概率：test-07,code-02

* 6. 易犯的错误：test-06

*

* 参考文章：

* http://c.chinaitlab.com/basic/841799.html, “伪随机数”的产生原理

* http://baike.baidu.com/view/876758.htm, 不完全正确

* http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/rand/, rand()

* http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdlib/srand/, srand()

* http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/ctime/time/, time()

*

* Platform: Windows

* Compiler: gcc(CodeBlocks), VC++ 2008

*/

// code-01

#include

#include

#include

int main(void)

{

// test-01: default seed(the default seed is 1)

printf("%d\n", rand());// 41

printf("%d\n", rand());// 18467

printf("%d\n", rand());// 6334

// ①3次结果不一样；但test-03和test-01一样

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-02: set seed to 2

srand(2);

printf("%d\n", rand());

printf("%d\n", rand());

printf("%d\n", rand());

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-03: set seed to 1

srand(1);

printf("%d\n", rand());// 41

printf("%d\n", rand());// 18476

printf("%d\n", rand());// 6334

printf("--------------------\n");

// test function time()

long long timestamp = time(NULL);// time_t: VC下为__int64(或long long)

printf("The current time: %ld\n", timestamp);

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-04

int i;

for(i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

srand((unsigned int)timestamp + i);

printf("%d\n", rand());

}// ②结果相当有规律：+3或+4

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-05: A typical way to generate pseudo-random numbers in a determined range

srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

printf("0-14: %d\n", rand() % 15);// 0-14

srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

printf("1970-1999: %d\n", rand() % 30 + 1970);// 1970-1999

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-06: 一个容易犯的错误

for(i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));// note

printf("%d\n", rand());

}// 输出全相同，因为在一个程序中time(NULL)每一次的返回值都相同

printf("--------------------\n");

// test-07: 貌似“不等概率”

srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

for(i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

printf("%d\n", rand());

}// 结果表现得貌似“不等概率”：100个数中5位数占大多数

return 0;

}

/**

* code-02: 等概率检验

* 结果表明概率分布近似相等

*/

#include

#include

#include

#define N (RAND_MAX+1)// RAND_MAX is 32767

#define LOOP 10000000

int main()

{

int count[N] = {0};

int a;

int i;

srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

for(i = 0; i < LOOP; i++)

{

a = rand() % N;// 0~RAND_MAX

count[a]++;

}

for(i = (N - 1); i >= 0; i--)

{

printf("%d的个数：%d\n", i, count[i]);

}

}