mysql 8存储过程_MySQL 8 的存储过程的详细说明与用法

MySQL的存储过程可以将多个SQL语句放到一起来执行,而不用每次都输入所有的SQL语句,这样做非常方便。另外还有一些与单独的SQL语句不同的是,存储过程可以将结果保存在变量中,并且还可以在存储过程中使用编程性的语法,如IF,CASE和WHILE循环。MySQL中的存储函数与存储过程统一称为存储例程。

要创建存储过程需要

CREATE ROUTINE 权限。

存储函数有一个返回值。

存储过程没有返回值。

存储例程中的所有代码都要写在BEGIN和END代码块中。

存储函数可以直接在SELECT语句中调用。

存储过程要通过CALL语句来调用。

由于存储例程中的语句应该以分隔符(;)结束,因此必须更改MySQL的分隔符,MySQL不会用普通语句解释存储例程中的SQL语句。在创建过程之后,可以将分隔符更改为默认值。

如果你想要在数据库中添一个员工的信息时,就要插入三个表如employees,,salaries,和titles。我们创建一个存储过程来执行,这个存储过程的输出为员工的编号new_emp_no,输入有first_name、last_name、gender、birth_date、emp_dept_name、title:/* 删除已存在存储过程 */

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS create_employee;

/* 改变SQL分隔符为 $$ */

DELIMITER $$

/* IN 表示输入参数,INOUT 表示输出变量*/

CREATE PROCEDURE create_employee (OUT new_emp_no INT,

IN first_name varchar(20), IN last_name varchar(20),

IN gender enum('M','F'), IN birth_date date,

IN emp_dept_name varchar(40),

IN title varchar(50))

BEGIN

/* 声明变量 emp_dept_no 和salary */

DECLARE emp_dept_no char(4);

DECLARE salary int DEFAULT 60000;

/* 选择最大的 employee 数值并存到 new_emp_no变量中 */

SELECT max(emp_no) INTO new_emp_no FROM employees;

/* 增加 new_emp_no 值 */

SET new_emp_no = new_emp_no + 1;

/* 向 employees 表中插入数据 */

/* 这个 CURDATE() 函数给定当前日期 */

INSERT INTO employees VALUES(new_emp_no,

birth_date, first_name, last_name, gender,

CURDATE());

/* Find out the dept_no for dept_name */

SELECT emp_dept_name;

SELECT dept_no INTO emp_dept_no FROM departments

WHERE dept_name=emp_dept_name;

SELECT emp_dept_no;

/* Insert into dept_emp */

INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(new_emp_no,

emp_dept_no, CURDATE(), '9999-01-01');

/* Insert into titles */

INSERT INTO titles VALUES(new_emp_no, title,

CURDATE(), '9999-01-01');

/* Find salary based on title */

IF title = 'Staff'

THEN SET salary = 100000;

ELSEIF title = 'Senior Staff'

THEN SET salary = 120000;

END IF;

/* Insert into salaries */

INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(new_emp_no, salary, CURDATE(), '9999-01-01');

END

$$

/* 将分隔改回;号 */

DELIMITER ;

注意,存储过程值返回方式不是直接返回的,而在参数中添加输出变量来实现的,这样就可以使用SELECT查看这个变量的值:mysql> select @new_emp_no;

可以将语句粘贴到命行执行。

可以通过导入的方法执行:mysql -u -p employees < stored_procedure.sql

使用SOURCE语句执行:mysql> SOURCE stored_procedure.sql;

要为emp_read_only赋于可执行权限:mysql> GRANT EXECUTE ON employees.* TO

'emp_read_only'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

使用CALL stored_procedure(OUT variable, IN values) 调用存储过程,成功执行!

注意emp_read_only用户只有读的权限。如果不想让这个用户执行,在创建存储过程时将SQL SECURITY这个属性设置为

INVOKER ,黙认是DEFINER。

向存储过程中传入输出变量new_emp_no:mysql> CALL create_employee(@new_emp_no, 'John',

'Smith', 'M', '1984-06-19', 'Research', 'Staff');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

查看数据库中的存储过程:mysql> SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS\G

mysql> SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE \G

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MySQL Stored Procedure Programming Advance Praise for MySQL Stored Procedure Programming Preface Objectives of This Book Structure of This Book What This Book Does Not Cover Conventions Used in This Book Which Version? Resources Available at the Book's Web Site Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Part I: Stored Programming Fundamentals Chapter 1. Introduction to MySQL Stored Programs Section 1.1. What Is a Stored Program? Section 1.2. A Quick Tour Section 1.3. Resources for Developers Using Stored Programs Section 1.4. Some Words of Advice for Developers Section 1.5. Conclusion Chapter 2. MySQL Stored Programming Tutorial Section 2.1. What You Will Need Section 2.2. Our First Stored Procedure Section 2.3. Variables Section 2.4. Parameters Section 2.5. Conditional Execution Section 2.6. Loops Section 2.7. Dealing with Errors Section 2.8. Interacting with the Database Section 2.9. Calling Stored Programs from Stored Programs Section 2.10. Putting It All Together Section 2.11. Stored Functions Section 2.12. Triggers Section 2.13. Calling a Stored Procedure from PHP Section 2.14. Conclusion Chapter 3. Language Fundamentals Section 3.1. Variables, Literals, Parameters, and Comments Section 3.2. Operators Section 3.3. Expressions Section 3.4. Built-in Functions Section 3.5. Data Types Section 3.6. MySQL 5 "Strict" Mode Section 3.7. Conclusion Chapter 4. Blocks, Conditional Statements, and Iterative Programming Section 4.1. Block Structure of Stored Programs Section 4.2. Conditional Control Section 4.3. Iterative Processing with Loops Section 4.4. Conclusion Chapter 5. Using SQL in Stored Programming Section 5.1. Using Non-SELECT SQL in Stored Programs Section 5.2. Using SELECT Statements with an INTO Clause Section 5.3. Creating and Using Cursors Section 5.4. Using Unbounded SELECT Statements Section 5.5. Performing Dynamic SQL with Prepared Statements Section 5.6. Handling SQL Errors: A Preview Section 5.7. Conclusion Chapter 6. Error Handling Section 6.1. Introduction to Error Handling Section 6.2. Condition Handlers Section 6.3. Named Conditions Section 6.4. Missing SQL:2003 Features Section 6.5. Putting It All Together Section 6.6. Handling Stored Program Errors in the Calling Application Section 6.7. Conclusion Part II: Stored Program Construction Chapter 7. Creating and Maintaining Stored Programs Section 7.1. Creating Stored Programs Section 7.2. Editing an Existing Stored Program Section 7.3. SQL Statements for Managing Stored Programs Section 7.4. Getting Information About Stored Programs Section 7.5. Conclusion Chapter 8. Transaction Management Section 8.1. Transactional Support in MySQL Section 8.2. Defining a Transaction Section 8.3. Working with Savepoints Section 8.4. Transactions and Locks Section 8.5. Transaction Design Guidelines Section 8.6. Conclusion Chapter 9. MySQL Built-in Functions Section 9.1. String Functions Section 9.2. Numeric Functions Section 9.3. Date and Time Functions Section 9.4. Other Functions Section 9.5. Conclusion Chapter 10. Stored Functions Section 10.1. Creating Stored Functions Section 10.2. SQL Statements in Stored Functions Section 10.3. Calling Stored Functions Section 10.4. Using Stored Functions in SQL Section 10.5. Conclusion Chapter 11. Triggers Section 11.1. Creating Triggers Section 11.2. Using Triggers Section 11.3. Trigger Overhead Section 11.4. Conclusion Part III: Using MySQL Stored Programs in Applications Chapter 12. Using MySQL Stored Programs in Applications Section 12.1. The Pros and Cons of Stored Programs in Modern Applications Section 12.2. Advantages of Stored Programs Section 12.3. Disadvantages of Stored Programs Section 12.4. Calling Stored Programs from Application Code Section 12.5. Conclusion Chapter 13. Using MySQL Stored Programs with PHP Section 13.1. Options for Using MySQL with PHP Section 13.2. Using PHP with the mysqli Extension Section 13.3. Using MySQL with PHP Data Objects Section 13.4. Conclusion Chapter 14. Using MySQL Stored Programs with Java Section 14.1. Review of JDBC Basics Section 14.2. Using Stored Programs in JDBC Section 14.3. Stored Programs and J2EE Applications Section 14.4. Using Stored Procedures with Hibernate Section 14.5. Using Stored Procedures with Spring Section 14.6. Conclusion Chapter 15. Using MySQL Stored Programs with Perl Section 15.1. Review of Perl DBD::mysql Basics Section 15.2. Executing Stored Programs with DBD::mysql Section 15.3. Conclusion Chapter 16. Using MySQL Stored Programs with Python Section 16.1. Installing the MySQLdb Extension Section 16.2. MySQLdb Basics Section 16.3. Using Stored Programs with MySQLdb Section 16.4. A Complete Example Section 16.5. Conclusion Chapter 17. Using MySQL Stored Programs with .NET Section 17.1. Review of ADO.NET Basics Section 17.2. Using Stored Programs in ADO.NET Section 17.3. Using Stored Programs in ASP.NET Section 17.4. Conclusion Part IV: Optimizing Stored Programs Chapter 18. Stored Program Security Section 18.1. Permissions Required for Stored Programs Section 18.2. Execution Mode Options for Stored Programs Section 18.3. Stored Programs and Code Injection Section 18.4. Conclusion Chapter 19. Tuning Stored Programs and Their SQL Section 19.1. Why SQL Tuning Is So Important Section 19.2. How MySQL Processes SQL Section 19.3. SQL Tuning Statements and Practices Section 19.4. About the Upcoming Examples Section 19.5. Conclusion Chapter 20. Basic SQL Tuning Section 20.1. Tuning Table Access Section 20.2. Tuning Joins Section 20.3. Conclusion Chapter 21. Advanced SQL Tuning Section 21.1. Tuning Subqueries Section 21.2. Tuning "Anti-Joins" Using Subqueries Section 21.3. Tuning Subqueries in the FROM Clause Section 21.4. Tuning ORDER and GROUP BY Section 21.5. Tuning DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) Section 21.6. Conclusion Chapter 22. Optimizing Stored Program Code Section 22.1. Performance Characteristics of Stored Programs Section 22.2. How Fast Is the Stored Program Language? Section 22.3. Reducing Network Traffic with Stored Programs Section 22.4. Stored Programs as an Alternative to Expensive SQL Section 22.5. Optimizing Loops Section 22.6. IF and CASE Statements Section 22.7. Recursion Section 22.8. Cursors Section 22.9. Trigger Overhead Section 22.10. Conclusion Chapter 23. Best Practices in MySQL Stored Program Development Section 23.1. The Development Process Section 23.2. Coding Style and Conventions Section 23.3. Variables Section 23.4. Conditional Logic Section 23.5. Loop Processing Section 23.6. Exception Handling Section 23.7. SQL in Stored Programs Section 23.8. Dynamic SQL Section 23.9. Program Construction Section 23.10. Performance Section 23.11. Conclusion About the Author Colophon Index

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