2003年，太阳活动区10486产生了两场巨大的X射线耀斑，特别是11月4日的耀斑，其强度使许多卫星的X射线探测器饱和。这场爆发被认为是记录中最强的X射线耀斑。另一场强耀斑发生在10月28日，级别为X17。欧洲空间局的Cluster卫星在不受磁层背景电子干扰的情况下连续观测到了这两场爆发，揭示了能量分散的显著特征，对于理解太阳耀斑的物理过程提供了宝贵数据。
摘要：
Active region (Sunspot) 10486, which was about 15 times the size of Earth blasted off some mega-flares. The largest two of them were on 28 October and 4 November 2003. In fact, the Nov. 4, 2003 one saturated many X-ray detectors on the NOAA's GOES satellites and HESSI; the jury was therefore out for a while on the definitive classification of the flare (best estimate was made by NOAA X28, with a peak around 19:50 UT). It is a new #1 X-ray flare for the record books. The second-strongest flare in this historic two-week series was an X17 event on Oct. 28, 2003. However, those two giant X-ray bursts have been observed continuously by RAPID-IES onboard Cluster. Cluster was located on the duskside around 19 MLT near the magnetopause and not affected by any magnetospheric electron background at the time of the Oct. 28th and Nov 4th event. The obvious energy dispersion signatures, first from low energy to high followed by high energy to low versus time have been observed for both giant X-ray bursts. During Nov. 4, 2003 event, the RAPID instrument on s/c2 was in a mode that permitted the full 3D distribution (144 pixels) to be obtained over the unit sphere. All of the counts shown in the plot for s/c2 were registered by the two pixels that see the disk of the sun during the 4 sec rotation of the s/c. We will analyze and report on the energy dependent signature of the response of the IES sensors to these intense X-ray fluxes in terms of sensor implications and physical insights for the flare itself.
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