mysql多实例中ibdata1_修改ibdata1大小的验证以及如何使用mysqld_multi管理多实例

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-22 18:58:25 发布

上山下海何小妞

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-22 18:58:25 发布

阅读量189

点赞数

文章标签： mysql多实例中ibdata1

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_29116255/article/details/113153420

版权

修改ibdata1大小的验证

ibdata是共享表空间，在MySQL初始化的时候就生成了。

但很多童鞋会看到网上各种大神的调优建议，在MySQL已经初始化的情况下，修改配置文件中innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend。导致MySQL启动的时候报错。

下面来模拟一下：

原来的ibdata1大小为12M

# ll -h /sales3306/mysql/data/ibdata1-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12M Mar 31 21:09 /sales3306/mysql/data/ibdata1

修改配置文件中的innodb_data_file_path参数，调整其大小

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:20M:autoextend

重启数据库服务

启动数据库的过程中没有报错，但就是没有起来，查看日志信息

[ERROR] InnoDB: auto-extending data file /sales3306/mysql/data/ibdata1 is of a different size 768 pages (rounded down to MB) than specified in the .cnf file: initial 1280 pages, max 0 (relevant if non-zero) pages!

报错信息其实很明显，ibdata1实际大小和配置文件中指定的大小不一致。

遇到这种问题，如何修复呢？

其实，只需将该参数设置为等于或者小于其实际大小。

关于等于，其实不难理解，毕竟要吻合，那小于又为什么可以呢？关键在于该参数后面的autoextend选项，所以实际值比初始值大很正常。当然小于的情况只适用于带有autoextend选项的表空间，MySQL可指定多个表空间，但只有最后一个才能指定该选项。

获取其实际大小，有两种方式，

一是通过ls -l查看其具体大小，可直接写12582912(12M)

二是通过错误日志的报错信息，譬如上面很容易算出其实际大小为768*16/1024=12M

当然，如果默认的共享表空间体积太大了，可新增一个表空间

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M;ibdata2:20M:autoextend

注意：共享表空间，即便把数据清理掉后，也不会回收空间，只能迁移数据，重新初始化。

mysqld_multi的使用

1. 在执行mysqld_multi时报以下错误：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

WARNING: my_print_defaults command not found.

Pleasemakesure you have this command available andinyour path. The command is available from the latest

MySQL distribution.

ABORT: Can't find command'my_print_defaults'.

This command is available from the latest MySQL

distribution. Pleasemakesure you have the commandin your PATH.

解决方法：

在/etc/profile中添加如下内容：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

并使其生效 source /etc/profile

2. 启动失败，通过查看mysqld_multi的错误日志/usr/local/mysql/multi.log

有如下报错信息：

Starting MySQL servers160116 20:25:22 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.touch: cannot touch ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directorychmod: cannot access ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directorytouch: cannot touch ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directorychown: cannot access ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directory160116 20:25:22 mysqld_safe Logging to '/sales3307/mysql/log/.err'.160116 20:25:22 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /sales3306/mysql/data/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 129: /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log: No such fileor directory/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 166: /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log: No such fileor directorytouch: cannot touch ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directorychown: cannot access ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directorychmod: cannot access ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’: No such fileor directory160116 20:25:22 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 129: /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log: No such fileor directory160116 20:25:22 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /sales3307/mysql/data160116 20:25:23 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended

mysqld_multi logfile version 2.16; run: Sat Jan 16 20:25:24 2016

。。。怎么会出现mariadb的信息，这个跟我的操作系统有关，CentOS 7，默认的数据库是Mariadb，而不是MysQL。

失败原因：

没有指定错误日志

指定错误日志后，log-error=/sales3307/mysql/log/error.log

重新启动，又报如下错误：

2016-01-16 20:41:09 18683 [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file'/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid'(Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

2016-01-16 20:41:09 18683 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such fileor directory160116 20:41:10 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended

失败原因：没有指定pid文件

指定pid文件的路径

pid-file=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

重新启动，终于启动成功

# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

最后贴一下配置文件：

mysqld的部分没有贴，这块配置是公用的

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld= /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin= /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

#用来做关闭mysql使用

user=root

log=/usr/local/mysql/multi.log

##password=''[mysqld3306]

port=3306socket=/sales3306/mysql/run/mysql.sock

datadir=/sales3306/mysql/data

server-id=1003306log-bin=/sales3306/mysql/log/mysql-bin

tmpdir=/sales3306/mysql/tmp/innodb_log_group_home_dir= /sales3306/mysql/data

innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M

log-error=/sales3306/mysql/log/error.log

pid-file=/sales3306/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

[mysqld3307]

port=3307socket=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysql.sock

datadir=/sales3307/mysql/data

server-id=1003307log-bin=/sales3307/mysql/log/mysql-bin

tmpdir=/sales3307/mysql/tmp/innodb_log_group_home_dir= /sales3307/mysql/data

innodb_buffer_pool_size=100M

log-error=/sales3307/mysql/log/error.log

pid-file=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

注意：如果mysqld不是在/usr/local/mysql下，则在每个实例下面还需要添加basedir变量。

在折腾过程中还是蛮多坎坷的，结论就是很个性化的定制，譬如socket，log-error，pid-file都要指定各自的路径。不然启动过程中，系统会按默认的来，多实例都按默认的来，会起冲突的。但整个排错过程还是蛮简单的，不是看mysqld_multi的错误日志，就是实例本身的日志。

下面演示一下，mysqld_multi的用法：

[root@spark01 ~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf stop

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report 3306Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is not running

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf start 3306[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running

在上述[mysqld_multi]的配置中，有个user和password，这个是用来执行mysqladmin关闭程序的。

有时候，用root权限太大，且密码以明文的方式暴露存在安全风险。

虽然mysqld_multi支持--password选项，但如果两个实例的密码不一样，又如何同时关闭实例呢？

可为两个实例创建同名账户，只赋予shutdown权限，这样可解决上述的困扰。

mysql> grant shutdown on *.* to 'multiadmin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql>flush privileges;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

-----------------------------------------

最后验证的时候，发现直接将password添加到[mysqld_multi]中，并不能关闭实例

# grep "password" -B 5multi.cnf

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld= /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin= /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

#用来做关闭mysql使用

user=multiadmin

password=123456

[root@spark01 ~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf start

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf stop

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf --password=123456stop

[root@spark01~]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/root/multi.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running

直接使用stop并不能关闭实例，但是在客户端指定password却又可以，用mysqladmin关闭又没问题。

直接使用stop关闭，multi日志报如下信息：

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.^G/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost'failed

error:'Access denied for user'multiadmin'@'localhost'(using password: YES)'

当然，[mysqld_multi]中除了用mysqld_safe启动mysql实例外，也可直接通过mysqld，这时[mysqld3306]，[mysqld3307]中需指定user=mysql。

------------------------------------------------

在验证的过程中，发现给multiadmin如下授权

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'multiadmin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD

%并不包括localhost

验证如下：

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| user | host | password |

+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

| root | spark01 | |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | |

| root | ::1 | |

| | localhost | |

| | spark01 | |

| multiadmin | % | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

在本机用multiadmin登录

# mysql --socket=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysql.sock -umultiadmin -p123456

Warning: Using a password onthe command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'multiadmin'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

但是不输入密码却又能登录，只是没有任何权限

[root@spark01 ~]# mysql --socket=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysql.sock -umultiadmin

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or\g.

Your MySQL connection idis 8Server version:5.6.28-logMySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksoftheir respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the currentinput statement.

mysql>\s--------------

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.28, for linux-glibc2.5(x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id:8

Current database:Current user: multiadmin@localhostSSL:Not in use

Currentpager: stdout

Using outfile:''Using delimiter: ;

Server version:5.6.28-logMySQL Community Server (GPL)

Protocol version:10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset: latin1

Db characterset: latin1

Client characterset: utf8

Conn. characterset: utf8

UNIX socket:/sales3307/mysql/run/mysql.sock

Uptime:32 min 17sec

Threads:1 Questions: 22 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 74 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 67 Queries per second avg: 0.011

--------------

mysql> select user();+----------------------+

| user() |

+----------------------+

| multiadmin@localhost |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select user,host frommysql.users;

ERROR1142 (42000): SELECT command denied to user ''@'localhost' for table 'users'

这个其实与上面权限表中的user为空，host为localhost有关。

只要是从本地登录，不管你指定任何权限表之外的用户，都可以登录，譬如hello用户在权限表中并不存在，却依然可以登录，就是拜user为空，host为localhost所赐。

[root@spark01 ~]# mysql --socket=/sales3307/mysql/run/mysql.sock -uhello

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or\g.

Your MySQL connection idis 9Server version:5.6.28-logMySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksoftheir respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the currentinput statement.

mysql>

所以，作为mysql安全加固的一部分，这些账号都可以删除的。

总结：如果multiadmin要从本地登录，必须授予localhost的登录权限，%并不包含localhost。

grant all privileges on *.* to 'multiadmin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

上山下海何小妞

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
mysql多实例中ibdata1_修改ibdata1大小的验证以及如何使用mysqld_multi管理多实例

修改ibdata1大小的验证ibdata是共享表空间，在MySQL初始化的时候就生成了。但很多童鞋会看到网上各种大神的调优建议，在MySQL已经初始化的情况下，修改配置文件中innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend。导致MySQL启动的时候报错。下面来模拟一下：原来的ibdata1大小为12M# ll -h /sales3306/mysql/data...
复制链接

扫一扫