关于mysql存储过程说法正确的是_MySQL 存储过程 经常使用语法

1，前提

须要MySQL 5

2，Hello World

MySQL存储过程之Hello World

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS HelloWorld$$

CREATE PROCEDURE HelloWorld()

BEGIN

SELECT"Hello World!";

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS HelloWorld$$

CREATE PROCEDURE HelloWorld()

BEGIN

SELECT "Hello World!";

END$$

DELIMITER ;

3，变量

使用DECLARE来声明，DEFAULT赋默认值，SET赋值

Java代码

DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT0;

SET counter = counter+1;

DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0;

SET counter = counter+1;

4，參数

IN为默认类型，值必须在调用时指定，值不能返回(值传递)

OUT值能够返回(指针传递)

INOUT值必须在调用时指定，值能够返回

Java代码

CREATE PROCEDURE test(a INT, OUT b FLOAT, INOUT c INT)

CREATE PROCEDURE test(a INT, OUT b FLOAT, INOUT c INT)

5，条件推断

IF THEN、ELSEIF、ELSE、END IF

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$

CREATE PROCEDURE discunted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8,2))

BEGIN

IF (normal_price >500) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;

ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;

ELSE

SET discount_price = normal_price;

END IF;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$

CREATE PROCEDURE discunted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))

BEGIN

IF (normal_price > 500) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;

ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;

ELSE

SET discount_price = normal_price;

END IF;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

6，循环

LOOP、END LOOP

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter =0;

my_simple_loop: LOOP

SET counter = counter+1;

IF counter =10THEN

LEAVE my_simple_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP my_simple_loop;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

my_simple_loop: LOOP

SET counter = counter+1;

IF counter = 10 THEN

LEAVE my_simple_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP my_simple_loop;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

WHILE DO、END WHILE

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter =0;

WHILE counter !=10DO

SET counter = counter+1;

END WHILE;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

WHILE counter != 10 DO

SET counter = counter+1;

END WHILE;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

REPEAT、UNTILL

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter =0;

REPEAT

SET counter = counter+1;

UNTIL counter =10END REPEAT;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

REPEAT

SET counter = counter+1;

UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

7，异常处理

假设用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的全部结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结

假设SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结

8，数据库交互

INTO用于存储单行记录的查询结果

Java代码

DECLARE total_sales NUMERIC(8,2);

SELECT SUM(sale_value) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id=in_customer_id;

DECLARE total_sales NUMERIC(8, 2);

SELECT SUM(sale_value) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id=in_customer_id;

CURSOR用于处理多行记录的查询结果

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()

READS SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1THEN

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()

READS SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1 THEN

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

unbounded SELECT语句用于存储过程返回结果集

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)

BEGIN

SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)

BEGIN

SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等非查询语句也能够嵌入存储过程里

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))

BEGIN

IF in_new_salary <5000OR in_new_salary >500000THEN

SELECT"Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";

ELSE

UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;

END IF:

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))

BEGIN

IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN

SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";

ELSE

UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;

END IF:

END$$

DELIMITER ;

9，使用CALL调用存储程序

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))

NO SQL

BEGIN

DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);

IF employee_type='MANAGER'THEN

CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

ELSE

CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END IF;

CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))

NO SQL

BEGIN

DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);

IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN

CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

ELSE

CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END IF;

CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END$$

DELIMITER ;

10，一个复杂的样例

Java代码

CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)

MODIFIES SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR

SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id=in_department_id;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises

(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1THEN/* No more rows */

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary);/* Get new salary */

IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN/* Salary changed */

UPDATE employees

SET salary=l_new_salary

WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;

/* Keep track of changed salaries */

INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)

VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);

END IF:

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

/* Print out the changed salaries */

SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises

ORDER BY employee_id;

END;

CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)

MODIFIES SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR

SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id=in_department_id;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises

(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1 THEN /* No more rows */

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary */

IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN /* Salary changed */

UPDATE employees

SET salary=l_new_salary

WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;

/* Keep track of changed salaries */

INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)

VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);

END IF:

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

/* Print out the changed salaries */

SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises

ORDER BY employee_id;

END;

11，存储方法

存储方法与存储过程的差别

1，存储方法的參数列表仅仅同意IN类型的參数，并且不是必需也不同意指定INkeyword

2，存储方法返回一个单一的值，值的类型在存储方法的头部定义

3，存储方法能够在SQL语句内部调用

4，存储方法不能返回结果集

语法：

Java代码

CREATE

[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]

PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])

[characteristic ...] routine_body

CREATE

[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]

FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])

RETURNS type

[characteristic ...] routine_body

proc_parameter:

[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type

func_parameter:

param_name type

type:

Any valid MySQL data type

characteristic:

LANGUAGE SQL

| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC

| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }

| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }

| COMMENT'string'

routine_body:

Valid SQL procedure statement

CREATE

[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]

PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])

[characteristic ...] routine_body

CREATE

[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]

FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])

RETURNS type

[characteristic ...] routine_body

proc_parameter:

[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type

func_parameter:

param_name type

type:

Any valid MySQL data type

characteristic:

LANGUAGE SQL

| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC

| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }

| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }

| COMMENT 'string'

routine_body:

Valid SQL procedure statement

各參数说明见CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

样例：

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS f_discount_price$$

CREATE FUNCTION f_discount_price

(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2))

RETURNS NUMERIC(8,2)

DETERMINISTIC

BEGIN

DECLARE discount_price NUMERIC(8,2);

IF (normal_price >500) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;

ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;

ELSE

SET discount_price = normal_price;

END IF;

RETURN(discount_price);

END$$

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS f_discount_price$$

CREATE FUNCTION f_discount_price

(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2))

RETURNS NUMERIC(8,2)

DETERMINISTIC

BEGIN

DECLARE discount_price NUMERIC(8,2);

IF (normal_price > 500) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;

ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;

ELSE

SET discount_price = normal_price;

END IF;

RETURN(discount_price);

END$$

DELIMITER ;

12，触发器

触发器在INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE等DML语句改动数据库表时触发

触发器的典型应用场景是重要的业务逻辑、提高性能、监控表的改动等

触发器能够在DML语句运行前或后触发

Java代码

DELIMITER $$

DROP TRIGGER sales_trigger$$

CREATE TRIGGER sales_trigger

BEFORE INSERT ON sales

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

IF NEW.sale_value >500THEN

SET NEW.free_shipping ='Y';

ELSE

SET NEW.free_shipping ='N';

END IF;

IF NEW.sale_value >1000THEN

SET NEW.discount = NEW.sale_value * .15;

ELSE

SET NEW.discount =0;

END IF;

END$$

DELIMITER ;