python大于且小于_大于256且小于-5的整数缓存

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Python对于-5到256之间的整数使用缓存机制，确保相同数值的对象引用相同。然而，超出这个范围的数字，尽管在Python源码中表明应该有不同的ID，但在某些环境中，如PyCharm或PythonTutor，大数值可能因为编译优化而具有相同的ID。这并不意味着所有大于256的数字都共享同一内存地址，仅在特定情况下发生。

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I know that python has a concept of small integers which are numbers from -5 to 256, and if two variables assign to same numbers between this range, they both will use the same underlying object.

From Python documentation,

#ifndef NSMALLPOSINTS

#define NSMALLPOSINTS 257

#endif

#ifndef NSMALLNEGINTS

#define NSMALLNEGINTS 5

#endif

/* Small integers are preallocated in this array so that they can

be shared. The integers that are preallocated are those in the

range -NSMALLNEGINTS (inclusive) to NSMALLPOSINTS (not inclusive).

The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all

integers between -5 and 256, when you create an int in that range you

actually just get back a reference to the existing object. So it

should be possible to change the value of 1. I suspect the behaviour

of Python in this case is undefined. :-)

Example,

a = 255

b = 255

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

gives the same id,

1561854394096

Which makes sense and also explained on this answer, "is" operator behaves unexpectedly with integers

If two numbers are less than -5, they should also have different IDs as follows,

a = -6

b = -6

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

gives,

2827426032208

2827426032272

this makes sense so far,

But any number greater than 256 should have different id,

This should return different IDs,

a = 257

b = 257

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

But it doesn't

2177675280112

Even when I am using very large integer, the IDs are same,

a = 2571299123876321621378

b = 2571299123876321621378

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

gives me,

1956826139184

Can someone tell me why number greater than 256 have same IDs even though in the Python code the range is -5 to 257 (not inclusive)

EDIT:

I have tried using PyCharm with both Python 2.7 and 3.6. Also tried on PythonTutor.com

解决方案

On mint Python 3.6.3 (2 as well) I cannot reproduce. My guess is PyCharm or pythontutor are wrapping the run in something before interpreting - since those are not open code we cannot see the internals so I cannot verify. The reason I think this is true, is while (everything below is mint Python 3):

>>> x=2571299123876321621378

>>> y=2571299123876321621378

>>> print(id(x),id(y))

140671727739528 140671727739808

You can have this:

>>> def bla():

... x=2571299123876321621378

... y=2571299123876321621378

... id(x)

... print(id(x),id(y))

...

>>> bla()

140671727742528 140671727742528

so wrapping the two integers in something the interpreter can compile allows for these extra optimizations - like using the same constant for both definitions. Note this is limited as well:

>>> def bla():

... x=2571299123876321621378

... y=2571299123876321621378

... print(id(x),id(y))

... x+=1

... y+=1

... print(id(x),id(y))

...

>>> bla()

140671727755592 140671727755592

140671728111088 140671728108808

I would not have code that depends on this on any way - the guarantee is only on -5 to 256.