java 深层clone_Java的clone()：深复制与浅复制

Java中要想自定义类的对象可以被复制，自定义类就必须实现Cloneable中的clone()方法，如下：

1 public class Student implementsCloneable {2

3 privateString name;4

5 private intage;6

7 privateProfessor professor;8

9 publicString getName() {10 returnname;11 }12

13 public voidsetName(String name) {14 this.name =name;15 }16

17 public intgetAge() {18 returnage;19 }20

21 public void setAge(intage) {22 this.age =age;23 }24

25 publicProfessor getProfessor() {26 returnprofessor;27 }28

29 public voidsetProfessor(Professor professor) {30 this.professor =professor;31 }32

33 @Override34 publicString toString() {35 return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", professor="

36 + professor + "]";37 }38

39 public Object clone() throwsCloneNotSupportedException{40 return super.clone();41 }42

43 }

其中，Professor类同样为自定义类：

public classProfessor {privateString name;private intage;publicString getName() {returnname;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}public intgetAge() {returnage;

}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;

}

@OverridepublicString toString() {return "Professor [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";

}

}

然而，当自定义类的字段的类型不是基本数据类型时，上面实现了clone()方法会导致问题，不信看下面的代码：

【程序实例1】

1 public classShadowCopy {2

3 public static voidmain(String[] args) {4 Professor p1 = newProfessor();5 p1.setName("Professor Zhang");6 p1.setAge(30);7

8 Student s1 = newStudent();9 s1.setName("xiao ming");10 s1.setAge(18);11 s1.setProfessor(p1);12

13 System.out.println(s1);14

15 try{16 Student s2 =(Student) s1.clone();17 Professor p2 =s2.getProfessor();18 p2.setName("Professor Li");19 p2.setAge(45);20 s2.setProfessor(p2);21 System.out.println("复制后的：s1 = " +s1);22 System.out.println("复制后的：s2 = " +s2);23 } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {24 e.printStackTrace();25 }26

27 }28

29 }

【运行结果1】

1 Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]2 复制后的：s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]3 复制后的：s2 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]

【结果分析】

学生s1的导师为30岁的Professor Zhang，恰好学生s2与学生s1同名同岁，但是s2的导师为45岁的Professor Li，于是我们顺理成章地复制复制s1并复制给s2，再修改下s2的导师的信息。可是，问题出现了，当我们修改了s2的导师后，s2的信息是对了，但是s1的导师信息也跟着修改了，这可不是我们期望的。

【问题分析】

程序实例1中的问题出在哪儿呢？我们已经对Student类实现了clone()方法，怎么还是出问题了呢？我们在看下面的代码：

【程序实例2】

1 public classShadowCopy {2

3 public static voidmain(String[] args) {4 Professor p1 = newProfessor();5 p1.setName("Professor Zhang");6 p1.setAge(30);7

8 Student s1 = newStudent();9 s1.setName("xiao ming");10 s1.setAge(18);11 s1.setProfessor(p1);12

13 System.out.println(s1);14

15 try{16 Student s2 =(Student) s1.clone();17 s2.setName("xiao hong");18 s2.setAge(17);19 Professor p2 =s2.getProfessor();20 p2.setName("Professor Li");21 p2.setAge(45);22 s2.setProfessor(p2);23 System.out.println("复制后的：s1 = " +s1);24 System.out.println("复制后的：s2 = " +s2);25 } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {26 e.printStackTrace();27 }28

29 }30

31 }

【运行结果】

1 Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]2 复制后的：s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]3 复制后的：s2 = Student [name=xiao hong, age=17, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]

【结果分析】

这次，我们在clone后，又修改了s2的name和age，从结果可以看出，s1的name和age并没有因为s2的修改而改变。

结合程序实例1和程序实例2，我们发现Student的字段如果不是一个引用时，修改clone()得到对象的该字段(name, age)时并不会影响原来的对象，但是当字段为一个引用时，修改clone()得到对象的该字段(professor)时并会影响原来的对象。上面实现的clone()方法为浅复制(shadow copy)。

如果想要clone()得到的新对象的修改不会影响被复制的对象的字段时，我们就需要实现深复制(deep copy)，代码修改如下：

1 public class Professor implementsCloneable {2

3 privateString name;4

5 private intage;6

7 publicString getName() {8 returnname;9 }10

11 public voidsetName(String name) {12 this.name =name;13 }14

15 public intgetAge() {16 returnage;17 }18

19 public void setAge(intage) {20 this.age =age;21 }22

23 @Override24 publicString toString() {25 return "Professor [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";26 }27

28 public Object clone() throwsCloneNotSupportedException{29 return super.clone();30 }31

32 }

public class Student implementsCloneable {privateString name;private intage;privateProfessor professor;publicString getName() {returnname;

}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;

}public intgetAge() {returnage;

}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;

}publicProfessor getProfessor() {returnprofessor;

}public voidsetProfessor(Professor professor) {this.professor =professor;

}

@OverridepublicString toString() {return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", professor="

+ professor + "]";

}public Object clone() throwsCloneNotSupportedException{

Student newStudent= (Student) super.clone();

newStudent.professor=(Professor) professor.clone();returnnewStudent;

}

}

再次运行【程序实例2】得到的结果为：

1 Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]2 复制后的：s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]3 复制后的：s2 = Student [name=xiao hong, age=17, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]

可以看到：修改clone()得到的s2的任何字段都不会影响s1的字段，这也就是深复制的作用。

参考资料：

1、http://pengcqu.iteye.com/blog/493120

2、http://www.cnblogs.com/shuaiwhu/archive/2010/12/14/2065088.html