if函数python作用_当函数中的if语句对python全局变量求值时，它在函数中不起作用...

例1：a=1

def b():

print a

a=2

print a

例2：

^{pr2}$

示例1按预期工作，示例2失败

UnboundLocalError:赋值之前引用了局部变量“a”

在第一个印刷品上

有人能解释一下为什么会这样吗？是错误还是特征？在

第二个例子不是很有用，但我不明白为什么它不起作用。

我希望函数b首先打印全局a，然后检查全局a是否为1。如果这是真的，局部a将被设置为2。然后要么打印全局a，要么打印局部a，这取决于全局a的值。在示例中，全局a是1，所以我希望看到局部a的值是2。在

例3：a=1

def b():

print a

作品

例4：a=1

def b():

print a

a=2

失败，正如正确注释的示例1一样，我实际上只测试了示例3，并认为它与示例1相同。在

现在我明白了关于整个范围经常重复的事情。这对我来说是全新的，下面的例子(Ipython)让我很开心：In [13]: a=1

In [14]: def b():

....: a=2

....: global a

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

....: print a

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

....:

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global declaration

:3: SyntaxWarning: name 'a' is assigned to before global

declaration

global a

In [15]: b()

2

In [16]: print a

2

所以这个机制不同于声明一个函数或类似的东西，我只能在更改状态之后才能访问它。在

python中还有其他类似的操作吗-穿越时间？在

为了使示例正常工作，可以使用globals()：

示例1工作：a=1

def b():

print globals()["a"]

a=2

print a

示例2工作：a=1

def b():

global_a=globals()["a"]

print global_a

if global_a==1:

a=2

print a

例4工作：a=1

def b():

print globals()["a"]

a=2