一、事务四个属性
原子性(atomicity)。一个事务是一个不可分割的工作单位,事务中包括的诸操作要么都做,要么都不做。
一致性(consistency)。事务必须是使数据库从一个一致性状态变到另一个一致性状态。一致性与原子性是密切相关的。
隔离性(isolation)。一个事务的执行不能被其他事务干扰。即一个事务内部的操作及使用的数据对并发的其他事务是隔离的,并发执行的各个事务之间不能互相干扰。
持久性(durability)。持久性也称永久性(permanence),指一个事务一旦提交,它对数据库中数据的改变就应该是永久性的。接下来的其他操作或故障不应该对其有任何影响。
二、事务的重要性
打个最简单的比方吧,A和B两人之间的支付宝转账问题,A向B转账50RMB,正常的结果是,A - 50 并且 B + 50; 但如果是下面这种情况,那就杯具了,A - 50 成功,而B + 50 失败。这样一来岂不是 A亏大了!谁还敢随意转账?就算是首富,也不敢随意转账O(∩_∩)O哈!
所以,在进行 A - 50 和 B + 50 需要添加事务管理。
三、先看下没有加事务的Demo, 看完就知道事务的重要性啦~
(1)、整体结构、
(2)、jar 包
(3)、SQL语句
创建数据库
create database spring;
建立表
create table countmoney(idCardint primary key auto_increment,name varchar(32),money int);
插入两条记录
insert into countmoney(name,money)values('xx',300);
insert into countmoney(name,money)values('++',300);
结果
select * from countmoney;
+--------+------+-------+
| idCard | name | money |
+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | xx | 300 |
| 2 | ++ | 300 |
+--------+------+-------+
(4)、代码
model 层
1 packagecom.xpw.model;2
3 public classCount {4 private intidCard;5 privateString name;6 private intmoney;7
8 publicCount(){9
10 }11
12 public intgetIdCard() {13 returnidCard;14 }15 public void setIdCard(intidCard) {16 this.idCard =idCard;17 }18 publicString getName() {19 returnname;20 }21 public voidsetName(String name) {22 this.name =name;23 }24 public intgetMoney() {25 returnmoney;26 }27 public void setMoney(intmoney) {28 this.money =money;29 }30
31 }
View Code
dao 层
1 packagecom.xpw.dao;2
3 public interfaceTradeDao {4
5 public void outputMoney(int idCard, intmoney);6
7 public void inputMoney(int idCard, intmoney);8 }
View Code
dao impl 层
1 packagecom.xpw.dao.impl;2
3 importorg.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;4 importorg.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;5 importorg.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate;6 importorg.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;7
8 importcom.xpw.dao.TradeDao;9
10 public class TradeDaoImpl implementsTradeDao {11
12 privateNamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate;13
14 public voidsetNamedParameterJdbcTemplate(15 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate) {16 this.namedParameterJdbcTemplate =namedParameterJdbcTemplate;17 }18
19 @Override20 public void outputMoney(int idCard, intcount) {21 String sql = "update trademoney set money = money -:count where idCard = :idCard";22 MapSqlParameterSource param = newMapSqlParameterSource();23 param.addValue("count", count);24 param.addValue("idCard", idCard);25 this.namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql, param);26 }27
28 @Override29 public void inputMoney(int idCard, intcount) {30 //我们故意在此出错,抛出异常,让 B + 50失败
31 System.out.println(1/0);32 String sql = "update trademoney set money = money + :count where idCard = :idCard";33 MapSqlParameterSource param = newMapSqlParameterSource();34 param.addValue("count", count);35 param.addValue("idCard", idCard);36 this.namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql, param);37 }38 }
View Code
Service层
1 packagecom.xpw.service;2
3 public interfaceTradeService {4 public void trade(int fromIdCard, int toIdCard, intmoney);5 }
View Code
Service impl 层
1 packagecom.xpw.service.impl;2
3 importcom.xpw.dao.TradeDao;4 importcom.xpw.service.TradeService;5
6 public class TradeServiceImpl implementsTradeService {7
8 privateTradeDao tradeDao;9
10 public voidsetTradeDao(TradeDao tradeDao) {11 this.tradeDao =tradeDao;12 }13
14 @Override15 public void trade(int fromIdCard, int toIdCard, intmoney) {16 this.tradeDao.outputMoney(fromIdCard, money);17 this.tradeDao.inputMoney(toIdCard, money);18 }19 }
View Code
(5)文件配置信息
beans.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
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View Code
jdbc.properties
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
(6)测试
package com.xpw.trade;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.xpw.service.TradeService;
public class TradeTest {
private static ApplicationContext ac;
@Before
public void init(){
ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
}
@Test
public void testTrade(){
TradeService ts = (TradeService) ac.getBean("tradeService");
int fromIdCard = 1;
int toIdCard = 2;
int money = 50;
ts.trade(fromIdCard, toIdCard, money);
}
}
结果
select * from trademoney;
+--------+------+-------+
| idCard | name | money |
+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | xx | 250 |
| 2 | ++ | 300 |
+--------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
由于,在 inputmoney()方法,我们故意 做1/0操作,也没有做try catch ,导致不会往下执行向B账户添加50的业务,所以 A亏了50。。。
从上面的结果我们知道了事务的重要性了吧。。A - 50 和 B + 50 必须同时成功,才可以称为一个成功的交易,一旦 谁出错,就必须回滚!即 不能 将 A - 50 , B 也不能 被 + 50
下面,我们就 添加事务管理吧。。当然,事务管理有两种,详情见如下
四、spring 事务分类
1、编程式事务管理
Spring 提供的事务模版类:org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate
事务管理器:org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
service impl 层的代码有所改动(注意,便于阅者copy实践,我就把整个类的代码贴出来,下同)
1 packagecom.xpw.service.impl;2
3 importorg.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;4 importorg.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;5 importorg.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallbackWithoutResult;6 importorg.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;7
8 importcom.xpw.dao.TradeDao;9 importcom.xpw.service.TradeService;10
11 public class TradeServiceImpl implementsTradeService {12
13 privateTradeDao tradeDao;14 privateTransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;15
16 public voidsetTradeDao(TradeDao tradeDao) {17 this.tradeDao =tradeDao;18 }19
20 public voidsetTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {21 this.transactionTemplate =transactionTemplate;22 }23
24 //编程事务管理
25 @Override26 public void trade(final int fromIdCard, final int toIdCard, final intmoney) {27 this.transactionTemplate.execute(newTransactionCallbackWithoutResult() {28
29 @Override30 protected voiddoInTransactionWithoutResult(TransactionStatus arg0) {31 tradeDao.outputMoney(fromIdCard, money);32 tradeDao.inputMoney(toIdCard, money);33 }34 });35 }36 }
View Code
beans.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
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View Code
其它的代码都没有变
结果:
mysql> select * from trademoney;
+--------+------+-------+
| idCard | name | money |
+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | xx | 300 |
| 2 | ++ | 300 |
+--------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从上面的结果可以知道,编程式事务管理已经成功了,在 B + 50 失败了,回回滚,所以 A 不会 - 50
2、声明式事务管理
使用annotation
service impl 层
1 packagecom.xpw.service.impl;2
3
4 importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;5
6 importorg.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;7
8 importcom.xpw.dao.TradeDao;9 importcom.xpw.service.TradeService;10
11 @Transactional12 public class TradeServiceImpl implementsTradeService {13
14 privateTradeDao tradeDao;15 privateTransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;16
17 public voidsetTradeDao(TradeDao tradeDao) {18 this.tradeDao =tradeDao;19 }20
21 public voidsetTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {22 this.transactionTemplate =transactionTemplate;23 }24
25 @Override26 public void trade(int fromIdCard, int toIdCard, intmoney) {27 this.tradeDao.outputMoney(fromIdCard, money);28 this.tradeDao.inputMoney(toIdCard, money);29 }30
31 }
View Code
beans.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5 xmlns:aop= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd12 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop13 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
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View Code
结果:
+--------+------+-------+
| idCard | name | money |
+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | xx | 300 |
| 2 | ++ | 300 |
+--------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此方式成功 添加了事务管理
使用xml 方式
service impl 层
1 packagecom.xpw.service.impl;2
3 importcom.xpw.dao.TradeDao;4 importcom.xpw.service.TradeService;5
6 public class TradeServiceImpl implementsTradeService {7
8 privateTradeDao tradeDao;9
10 public voidsetTradeDao(TradeDao tradeDao) {11 this.tradeDao =tradeDao;12 }13
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15 @Override16 public void trade(int fromIdCard, int toIdCard, intmoney) {17 this.tradeDao.outputMoney(fromIdCard, money);18 this.tradeDao.inputMoney(toIdCard, money);19 }20 }
View Code
beans.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
4 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
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View Code
结果
mysql> select * from trademoney;
+--------+------+-------+
| idCard | name | money |
+--------+------+-------+
| 1 | xx | 300 |
| 2 | ++ | 300 |
+--------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
五、总结
事务管理有编程式、声明式,本人推荐后者。因为前者,虽然实现了事务管理,但在一定程度上,非业务逻辑代码浸入了我们的业务逻辑代码,如果系统大型的话,也不可避免重复操作,代码看起来也不整洁了,也不方便后期维护。
【tip】转载请注明原文来自 :http://www.cnblogs.com/chenmo-xpw/p/3949264.html