python3 数组转字符串,如何在Python 3中将字符串数据类型转换为浮于numpy数组中

I have been using Python 2.7 for some time now and have recently switched to Python 3. I have already updated my code on some points, but the problem I currently have deludes me. What I am trying to do is to load a dataset using np.loadtxt. Because this data also contains strings I am importing the full array as a string. I want to do type conversions after to convert some entries to float. This fails miserably and I do not understand why. All I see is that in Python 3 all strings get the prefix 'b' and I have the feeling this has something to do with this, but I cannot find a concise answer. Code and error below.

filename = 'train.csv'

raw_data = open(filename, 'rb')

data = np.loadtxt(raw_data, delimiter=",", dtype = 'str')

dataset = data[1:,1:]

print(dataset)

original_data = dataset

test = float(dataset[0,0])

print(test)

Result

[["b'60'" "b'RL'" "b'65'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'208500'"]

["b'20'" "b'RL'" "b'80'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'181500'"]

["b'60'" "b'RL'" "b'68'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'223500'"]

...,

["b'70'" "b'RL'" "b'66'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'266500'"]

["b'20'" "b'RL'" "b'68'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'142125'"]

["b'20'" "b'RL'" "b'75'" ..., "b'WD'" "b'Normal'" "b'147500'"]]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)

in ()

5 print(dataset)

6 original_data = dataset

----> 7 test = float(dataset[0,0])

8 print(test)

ValueError: could not convert string to float: "b'60'"

解决方案

As suggested by dnalow, something goes wrong in the type conversion because I first open the file and then read from it. The solution is to not use open open(filename, 'rb') and np.loadtxt, but to use np.genfromtxt. Code below.

filename = 'train.csv'

data = np.genfromtxt(filename, delimiter=",", dtype = 'str')

dataset = data[1:,1:]

print(dataset)

original_data = dataset

test = float(dataset[0,0])

print(test)

filename = 'train.csv'

data = np.genfromtxt(filename, delimiter=",", dtype = 'str')

dataset = data[1:,1:]

print(dataset)

original_data = dataset

test = float(dataset[0,0])

print(test)

Result

[['60' 'RL' '65' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '208500']

['20' 'RL' '80' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '181500']

['60' 'RL' '68' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '223500']

...,

['70' 'RL' '66' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '266500']

['20' 'RL' '68' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '142125']

['20' 'RL' '75' ..., 'WD' 'Normal' '147500']]

60.0