— 查看慢查询的信息
show variables like ‘slow_query%’;
show variables like ‘long_query_time%’;
— 查询有截至目前已经产生了多少条慢查询记录。
show global status like ‘%Slow_queries%’;
数据准备
CREATE TABLE `s1` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key1` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key2` int DEFAULT NULL,
`key3` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part1` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part2` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part3` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`common_field` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `idx_key2` (`key2`),
KEY `idx_key1` (`key1`),
KEY `idx_key3` (`key3`),
KEY `idx_key_part` (`key_part1`,`key_part2`,`key_part3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=120001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `s2` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key1` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key2` int DEFAULT NULL,
`key3` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part1` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part2` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`key_part3` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`common_field` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `idx_key2` (`key2`),
KEY `idx_key1` (`key1`),
KEY `idx_key3` (`key3`),
KEY `idx_key_part` (`key_part1`,`key_part2`,`key_part3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=110001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
各插入10万数据,以后提供批量插入脚本
索引相关
show processlist;
— 隐式类型转换
— 索引列运算导致索引失效
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE id=10
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE id-1=9
— 函数导致索引失效
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE ROUND(id)=10
— 用到or,导致索引失效
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE id=10 or common_field=’a’
— 多列索引需要用到索引第一部分
— 未用到
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE key_part3=’a’
— 可以用到
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE key_part3=’a’ AND key_part1=’a’
select type
— select type simple
explain SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘key1-0’;
— select type–primary,union,union result(union联表,去重中间表)
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 UNION SELECT * FROM s2;
— select type –PRIMARY,simple,子查询可以转为连接的形式
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE key1=’key1-0′);
— select type –PRIMARY,subquery 子查询只执行一次,子查询无法转为连接的形式
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE key1=’key1-0′) OR key3 = ‘a’;
— select type PRIMARY DEPENDENT SUBQUERY 子查询执行多次
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE s1.key2 = s2.key2) OR key3 = ‘a’;
— select type– primary,DEPENDENT SUBQUERY,DEPENDENT UNION,UNION RESULT(子查询包括union)
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (SELECT key1 FROM s2 WHERE key1 = ‘a’ UNION SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘b’);
— select type–primary,DERIVED(from是子查询生成的表)
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM (SELECT key1, count(*) as c FROM s1 GROUP BY key1) AS derived_s1 where c > 1;
type
— type-system
— 表中只有一条记录,且该表使用的存储引擎的统计数据是精确的,比如MyISAM、Memory,则查询是system
DROP TABLE t
CREATE TABLE t(i int) Engine=MyISAM;
INSERT INTO t VALUES(1);
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t;
— type-const
— 根据主键或者唯一二级索引与常数进行等值匹配
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id = 5;
— type-eq_ref
— 连接查询,被驱动表通过主键或者唯一二级索引列等值匹配的方式进行访问的,则被驱动表的type是eq_ref
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
— type-ref
— 通过普通的二级索引列与常量进行等值匹配时来查询表,那么对该表的访问方法就可能是ref
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’;
— type-ref_or_null
— 通过普通的二级索引列进行等值匹配时来查询表,该索引列可以是null时,那么对该表的访问方法就可能是ref_or_null
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’ OR key1 IS NULL;
— type-index_merge
— 索引合并
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’ OR key3 = ‘a’;
— type-unique_subquery
— 类似于eq_ref,在in子查询中,子查询使用到主键进行等值匹配,子查询的type就是unique_subquery
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2 IN (SELECT key2 FROM s2 where s2.key1 = s1.key1) OR key3= ‘a’;
— tyep-index_subquery
— 类似于eq_ref,在in子查询中,子查询使用到普通索引进行等值匹配,子查询的type就是index_subquery
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field IN (SELECT key3 FROM s2 where s1.key1 = s2.key1) OR key3= ‘a’;
— type-range
— 使用索引获取某些范围记录
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 IN (‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’);
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id IN (1,2,3);
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE id > 100 AND id
— 至少要在range以上
— type-INDEX
— 当使用了索引覆盖,但是需要扫描全部索引记录时,会出现index,存在 KEY `idx_key_part` (`key_part1`,`key_part2`,`key_part3`)索引
EXPLAIN SELECT key_part2 FROM s1 WHERE key_part3 = ‘a’;
— key_part1是ref
EXPLAIN SELECT key_part2 FROM s1 WHERE key_part1 = ‘a’;
— type-ALL
— 全表扫描
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1;
Extra
— extra -No tables used
EXPLAIN SELECT 1;
— extra-Impossible WHERE条件不成立
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE 1 != 1;
— extra-No matching min/max row,where条件不存在记录
EXPLAIN SELECT MIN(key1) FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘notexist’;
— extra- Using index,用到索引
EXPLAIN SELECT key1 FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’;
— extra- Using index condition,
explain SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1
— extra Using where 全表扫描,用到where索引
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE common_field = ‘a’;
— extra Using where,
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’ AND common_field = ‘a’;
— extra Using join buffer ,用到中间表
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.common_field = s2.common_field;
— extra Not exists
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 LEFT JOIN s2 ON s1.key2 = s2.key2 WHERE s2.id IS NULL;
— extra Using intersect(…)、Using union(…)和Using sort_union(…),索引合并
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key1 = ‘a’ or key3 = ‘a’;
— extra limit 参数为0
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 LIMIT 0;
— extra Using filesort 排序出现文件排序,排序无法用到索引,性能差
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 ORDER BY common_field LIMIT 10;
— 排序正常用到索引
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 ORDER BY key1 LIMIT 10;
— extra Using temporary
— 查询过程中,mysql借助临时表来完成一些功能,会损失性能,比如去重,排序,DISTINCT,GROUP BY,UNION
EXPLAIN SELECT DISTINCT common_field FROM s1;
EXPLAIN SELECT common_field, COUNT(*) AS amount FROM s1 GROUP BY common_field;
其他列
— ref-const
— 等值匹配的对象是常数
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 WHERE id=189;
— ref
— 等值匹配的对象是具体的列
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.id = s2.id;
— ref func
— 等值匹配的对象是一个函数
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s2.key1 = UPPER(s1.key1);
— rows 预计扫描行数
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2
— filtered,索引后的满足其他搜索条件的比率,易混淆,可以看其他列来优化
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE key2
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM s1 INNER JOIN s2 ON s1.key1 = s2.key1 WHERE s1.common_field = ‘a’;
EXPLAIN SELECT * from s1 ORDER BY id LIMIT 20