《Shader Compilation（转载收藏）》

《Shader Compilation（转载收藏）》

https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Shader_Compilation#Validation

 

Shader Compilation is the term used to describe the process by which OpenGL Shading Language scripts are loaded into OpenGL to be used as shaders. OpenGL has three ways to compile shader text into usable OpenGL objects. All of these forms of compilation produce aProgram Object.

Note: This article contains references to OpenGL 4.x features, such as  tessellation shaders and  Compute Shaders. If you are using OpenGL 3.x, you can ignore such references.

 

 

Shader and program objects

A Program Object can contain the executable code for all of the Shader stages, such that all that is needed to render is to bind one program object. Building programs that contain multiple shader stages requires a two-stage compilation process.

This two-stage compilation process mirrors the standard compile/link setup for C and C++ source code. C/C++ text is first fed through a compiler, thus producing an object file. To get the executable code, one or more object files must be linked together.

With this method of program creation, shader text is first fed through a compiler, thus producing a shader object. To get the executable program object, one or more shader objects must be linked together.

Shader object compilation

The first step is to create shader objects for each shader that you intend to use and compile them. To create a shader object, you call this function:

GLuint glCreateShader​(GLenum shaderType​);

This creates an empty shader object for the shader stage given by given shaderType​. The shader type must be one of GL_VERTEX_SHADER, GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER,GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER, GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, or GL_COMPUTE_SHADER. Note that the control and evaluation shaders require GL 4.0 (orARB_tessellation_shader), and the compute shader requires GL 4.3 (or ARB_compute_shader).

Once you have a shader object, you will need to give it the actual text string representing the GLSL source code. That is done via this function:

void glShaderSource​(GLuint shader​, GLsizei count​, const GLchar **string​, const GLint *length​);

This function takes the array of strings, given by string​ and stores it into shader​. Any previously stored strings are removed. count​ is the number of individual strings. OpenGL will copy these strings into internal memory.

When the shader is compiled, it will be compiled as if all of the given strings were concatenated end-to-end. This makes it easy for the user to load most of a shader from a file, but to have a standardized preamble that is prepended to some group of shaders.

The length​ can be either NULL or an array of count​ integers. These are the lengths of the corresponding strings in the string​ array. This allows you to use non-NULL-terminated strings. If you pass NULL, then OpenGL will assume all of the strings are NULL-terminated and will therefore compute the length in the usual way.

Once shader strings have been set into a shader object, it can be compiled with this function:

void glCompileShader​(GLuint shader​);

It compiles the given shader.

Shader error handling

Compilation may or may not succeed. Shader compilation failure is not an OpenGL Error; you need to check for it specifically. This is done with a particular call toglGetShaderiv​:

GLint success = 0;
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success); 

If success​ is GL_FALSE, then the most recent compilation failed. Otherwise, it succeeded.

Shader compilation is pass/fail, but it is often useful to know why. This, like in most languages, is provided as text messages. OpenGL allows you to query a log containing this information. First, you must use glGetShaderiv​ to query the log's length:

GLint logSize = 0;
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH​, &logSize); 

This tells you how many bytes to allocate; the length includes the NULL terminator. Once you have the length and have allocated sufficient memory, you can use this function to get the log:

void glGetShaderInfoLog​(GLuint shader​, GLsizei maxLength​, GLsizei *length​, GLchar *infoLog​);

maxLength​ is the size of infoLog​; this tells OpenGL how many bytes at maximum it will write into infoLog​. length​ is a return value, specifying how many bytes it actually wrote into infoLog​; you may pass NULL if you don't care.

V · E

Shader compilation error checking.

GLuint shader = glCreateShader(...);

// Get strings for glShaderSource. glShaderSource(shader, ...); glCompileShader(shader); GLint isCompiled = 0; glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &isCompiled); if(isCompiled == GL_FALSE) { GLint maxLength = 0; glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength); // The maxLength includes the NULL character std::vector<GLchar> errorLog(maxLength); glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, maxLength, &maxLength, &errorLog[0]); // Provide the infolog in whatever manor you deem best. // Exit with failure. glDeleteShader(shader); // Don't leak the shader. return; } // Shader compilation is successful. 

 

Program setup

One you have successfully compiled the shader objects of interest, you can link them into a program. This begins by creating a program object via this command:

GLuint glCreateProgram​();

The function takes no parameters.

After creating a program, the shader objects you wish to link to it must be attached to the program. This is done via this function:

void glAttachShader​(GLuint program​, GLuint shader​);

This can be called multiple times with different shader​ objects.

Note: It is possible to attach multiple shader objects for the  same shader stage to a program. This is perfectly legal. When linking them, all of the code will be combined. However, only one of those shader objects can have a  main​ function. Linking like this will work very much like linking multiple object files in a C/C++ program: one .cpp file can call code in another .cpp file if it has forward declarations of functions. So you can have "libraries" of functions that individual shaders can choose to use.

Recommendation: That being said, while this power is available, it is best not to use it. It  usually works, but because most OpenGL applications don't do this, it doesn't get as thoroughly tested as other parts of the OpenGL API. So you're likely to run into more driver bugs this way. Generally stick to having one shader object per shader stage.

Before linking

A number of parameters can be set up that will affect the linking process. This generally involves interfaces with the program. These include:

• Vertex shader input attribute locations.
• Fragment shader output color numbers.
• Transform feedback output capturing.
• Program separation.

You cannot change these values after linking; if you don't set them before linking, you can't set them at all.

Program linking

Linking can fail for many reasons, including but not limited to:

• Invalid matching between two shader stages in this program.
• Violation of various shader stage limitations. Some of these can be caught at compile-time, but others must wait until link time.
• Two or more global definitions of certain types have the same name in different shader stages, but different definitions.
• References to declared functions that are not defined.

Program link failure can be detected and responded to, in a similar way to shader compilation failure.

Once the program has been successfully linked, it can be used.

Linking and variables

Normally, shader objects for different shader stages don't interact. Each shader stage's code is separate from others. They have their own global variables, their own functions, etc.

This is not the case entirely. Certain definitions are considered shared between shader stages. Specifically, these include uniforms, buffer variables, and buffer-backed interface blocks.

If one of these is defined in one stage, another stage can define the same object with the same name and the exact same definition. If this happens, then there will only be one uniform/buffer variable/interface block visible from the introspection API. So shader stages in the same program can share uniform variables, allowing the same value to be set into both stages with one glUniform​ call.

For this to work however, the definitions must be exactly the same. This includes the order of the members, any user-defined data structures they use, array counts,everything. If two definitions in different stages have the same name, but different definitions, then there will be a linker error.

Cleanup

After linking (whether successfully or not), it is a good idea to detach all shader objects from the program. This is done via this function:

 void glDetachShader​(GLuint program​, GLuint shader​);

shader​ must have been previously attached to program​.

If you do not intend to use this particular shader object in the linking of another program, you may delete it. This is done via glDeleteShader​. Note that the deletion of a shader is deferred until the shader object is no longer attached to a program. Therefore, it is a good idea to detach shaders after linking.

Example

V · E

Full compile/link of a Vertex and Fragment Shader.

//Read our shaders into the appropriate buffers
std::string vertexSource = //Get source code for vertex shader. std::string fragmentSource = //Get source code for fragment shader. //Create an empty vertex shader handle GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); //Send the vertex shader source code to GL //Note that std::string's .c_str is NULL character terminated. const GLchar *source = (const GLchar *)vertexSource.c_str(); glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &source, 0); //Compile the vertex shader glCompileShader(vertexShader); GLint isCompiled = 0; glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &isCompiled); if(isCompiled == GL_FALSE) { GLint maxLength = 0; glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength); //The maxLength includes the NULL character std::vector<GLchar> infoLog(maxLength); glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &infoLog[0]); //We don't need the shader anymore. glDeleteShader(vertexShader); //Use the infoLog as you see fit. //In this simple program, we'll just leave return; } //Create an empty fragment shader handle GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); //Send the fragment shader source code to GL //Note that std::string's .c_str is NULL character terminated. source = (const GLchar *)fragmentSource.c_str(); glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &source, 0); //Compile the fragment shader glCompileShader(fragmentShader); glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &isCompiled); if(isCompiled == GL_FALSE) { GLint maxLength = 0; glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength); //The maxLength includes the NULL character std::vector<GLchar> infoLog(maxLength); glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &infoLog[0]); //We don't need the shader anymore. glDeleteShader(fragmentShader); //Either of them. Don't leak shaders. glDeleteShader(vertexShader); //Use the infoLog as you see fit. //In this simple program, we'll just leave return; } //Vertex and fragment shaders are successfully compiled. //Now time to link them together into a program. //Get a program object. GLuint program = glCreateProgram(); //Attach our shaders to our program glAttachShader(program, vertexShader); 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/DeanWang/p/6410999.html