python3.7安装pygal,3. Python数据可视化Pygal

1. 安装Pygal

pip3 install --user pygal

2. 使用Pygal模拟掷骰子

定义骰子类

from random import randint

class Die():

"""表示一个骰子的类"""

def __init__(self, num_sides=6):

"""骰子默认为6面"""

self.num_sides = num_sides

def roll(self):

"""返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值"""

return randint(1,self.num_sides)

pass

随机掷100次

from die import Die

#创建一个D6

die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(1,100):

result = die.roll()

results.append(result)

print(results)

分析结果

from die import Die

#创建一个D6

die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(1,1000):

result = die.roll()

results.append(result)

#分析结果

frequencies = []

for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):

frequency = results.count(value)

frequencies.append(frequency)

print(frequencies)

使用pygal将结果绘制成直方图

from die import Die

import pygal

#创建一个D6

die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(1,1000):

result = die.roll()

results.append(result)

#分析结果

frequencies = []

for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):

frequency = results.count(value)

frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化

hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.x_labels = ['1','2','3','4','5','6']

hist.x_title = "results"

hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6',frequencies)

hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

print(frequencies)

生成svg文件使用浏览器打开

image

同时掷俩个骰子结果分析

from die import Die

import pygal

#创建一个D6

die_1 = Die()

die_2 = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(1,1000):

result = die_1.roll()+die_2.roll()

results.append(result)

#分析结果

frequencies = []

max_result = die_1.num_sides+die_2.num_sides

for value in range(1,max_result+1):

frequency = results.count(value)

frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化

hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.title="Results of rolling two D6 dice 1000 times"

hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12']

hist.x_title = "results"

hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6+D6',frequencies)

hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

image

同时掷俩个不同面数的骰子

from die import Die

import pygal

#创建一个D6

die_1 = Die()

die_2 = Die(10)

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中

results = []

for roll_num in range(1,50000):

result = die_1.roll()+die_2.roll()

results.append(result)

#分析结果

frequencies = []

max_result = die_1.num_sides+die_2.num_sides

for value in range(2,max_result+1):

frequency = results.count(value)

frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化

hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.title="Results of rolling two D6 dice 50000 times"

hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12','13','14','15','16']

hist.x_title = "results"

hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6+D6',frequencies)

hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

image