进程管理工具uptime,top,htop
一uptime
显示当前时间，系统已启动的时间、当前上线人数，系统平均负载（1、5、10分钟的平均负载，一般不会超过1）
系统平均负载:指在特定时间间隔内运行队列中的平均进程数
通常每个CPU内核的当前活动进程数不大于3，那么系统的性能良好。
如果每个CPU内核的任务数大于5，那么此主机的性能有严重问题
如果linux主机是1个双核CPU，当Load Average 为6的时候说明机器已经被充分使用
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
21:58:57 up 21:30, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
因为开启了两个终端也就显示了两个用户
[root@centos72 ~]# who
root pts/2 2019-05-18 00:39 (192.168.137.1) root pts/3 2019-05-18 00:49 (192.168.137.1) [root@centos72 ~]# whoami root
[root@centos72 ~]# !dd
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1G
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
22:01:31 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.07, 0.26, 0.12 [root@centos72 ~]# uptime 22:01:42 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.22, 0.31, 0.14 [root@centos72 ~]# uptime 22:01:51 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.26, 0.35, 0.16 [root@centos72 ~]# uptime 22:02:05 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.42, 0.43, 0.19 [root@centos72 ~]# uptime
查看CPU内核数量
如果负载高于CPU内核数压力就很大了
使用云可以解决 CPU负载不同问题，因为有的CPU很忙，有的CPU没事干
[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2 On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 142 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz Stepping: 9 CPU MHz: 2904.004 BogoMIPS: 5808.00 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 4096K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat
二进程管理工具 top
排序：
P：以占据的CPU百分比,%CPU
M：占据内存百分比,%MEM
T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+
首部信息显示：
uptime信息：l命令
tasks及cpu信息：t命令
cpu分别显示：1 (数字)
memory信息：m命令
退出命令：q
修改刷新时间间隔：s
终止指定进程：k
保存文件：W
ps显示的是当前进程的快照，也就是看到瞬间的状态
top比ps显示的信息更加详细
（一）top显示结果说明
第一行，任务队列信息，同uptime命令的执行结果。
当前系统时间。
up xxx表示系统已经运行了多长时间
2users当前有2个用户登录系统。
load average：load average后面的三个数分别是1分钟、5分钟、15分钟的平均负载情况。
第二行，Tasks为任务（进程）
分别表示系统进程总数，处于运行状态，休眠（sleep）状态，stoped状态，zombie僵死状态
第三行，CPU状态的相关信息
0.0%us用户空间占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%sy内核空间占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%ni改变过优先级的进程占用CPU的百分比。
100.0%id空闲CPU百分比。
0.0%waI/o等待占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%hi硬中断（HardwareIRQ）占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%si软中断（Software Interrupts）占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%st虚拟机占用CPU的百分比。
第四行，内存状态
从左到右分别是total物理内存总量，free空闲内存总量，used使用中的内存总量，buffers 缓冲的内存量。
第五行，swap交换分区信息
从左到右分别是total交换区总量，free空闲交换区总量，used使用的交换区总量， avail Mem 可用的内存量。
目前是系统资源占用的多，因为I/O和内核级有关，用户空间占用的资源更少
栏位信息简介
us：用户空间
sy：内核空间
ni：调整nice时间
id：空闲
wa：等待IO时间
hi：硬中断
si：软中断（模式切换）
st：虚拟机偷走的时间，比如windows上面运行了linux虚拟机，占用了CPU
因为Linux里面没有虚拟机就显示为0
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:13:23 up 21:45, 2 users, load average: 0.09, 0.72, 0.61 Tasks: 111 total, 2 running, 109 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 868364 free, 53480 used, 76136 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2032352 free, 64796 used. 816496 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4107 root 20 0 161840 2184 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.17 top 1 root 20 0 127944 1000 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.86 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.74 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.88 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
CPU马上就达到了100%了，因为有两颗CPU，所以可以允许两个进程CPU利用率达到100%
[root@centos72 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:34:21 up 22:06, 2 users, load average: 1.19, 0.39, 0.29 Tasks: 111 total, 2 running, 109 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 871880 free, 53112 used, 72988 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2032988 free, 64160 used. 818420 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4114 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:12.55 dd 1 root 20 0 127944 992 624 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.92 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
再开启一个终端，两个进程的CPU利用率马上就达到了100%
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:36:19 up 22:08, 3 users, load average: 1.51, 0.68, 0.40 Tasks: 115 total, 3 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 28.0 us, 72.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 846020 free, 61636 used, 90324 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800860 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4114 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 2:09.75 dd 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.3 0.1 0:15.79 dd 287 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.53 xfsaild/sda2 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:56.53 vmtoolsd 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.93 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.95 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1
因为有两颗内核
[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2 On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 142 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz Stepping: 9 CPU MHz: 2904.004 BogoMIPS: 5808.00 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 4096K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat
默认是按照CPU排序的，如果是按照内存排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按M即可
top - 22:41:24 up 22:13, 3 users, load average: 0.92, 0.97, 0.63 Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 14.5 us, 35.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845064 free, 62044 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800188 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4115 root 20 0 154588 5392 4068 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.30 sshd 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.94 systemd 4120 root 20 0 115932 2508 1656 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.03 bash 4143 root 20 0 161940 2188 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.10 top 2114 root 20 0 116032 1524 828 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 bash 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:57.42 vmtoolsd 357 root 20 0 37124 1288 1160 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.79 systemd-journal 2057 root 20 0 116036 1272 732 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.55 bash 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.47 NetworkManager 548 root 20 0 26376 940 780 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.69 systemd-logind 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.73 dbus-daemon 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.11 rsyslogd 539 polkitd 20 0 538536 800 552 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 polkitd 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 5:20.34 dd 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:07.99 tuned
（二）top排序
T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+
如果是按照总的占据CPU时间排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按T即可
top - 22:43:41 up 22:15, 3 users, load average: 0.92, 0.93, 0.66 Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 15.1 us, 34.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 49.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845064 free, 62044 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800188 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 7:37.19 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.57 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.00 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.11 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.94 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.83 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.12 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.01 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.62 kworker/1:0
（三）首部信息显示与否
（1）uptime信息不显示在执行了top命令之后按l即可
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 14.7 us, 34.8 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.5 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 10:08.53 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.7 0.1 0:57.74 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.02 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.12 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.12 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.03 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/1:0 388 root 20 0 48756 8 8 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 systemd-udevd
（2）tasks及cpu信息：t命令
可以以进度条或者栅栏的方式显示，也可以隐藏起来
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 11:56.60 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:57.82 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.03 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:02.05 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/1:0 388 root 20 0 48756 8 8 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 systemd-udevd 2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 sshd 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0
以栅栏的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 15.1/34.9 50[||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ] KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 95.5 0.1 13:15.68 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.90 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.06 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0 2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 2.3 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
以进度条的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 13.4/36.5 50[ ] KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 13:35.96 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.92 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.4 0.0 0:03.85 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:02.07 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0 2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
（3）cpu分别显示：1 (数字)
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 13.4/36.5 50[ ] KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 13:35.96 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.92 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.4 0.0 0:03.85 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:02.07 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0 2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
（4）memory信息：m命令
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu0 : 0.0/0.3 0[ ] %Cpu1 : 30.0/70.0 100[ ] KiB Mem : 19.8/997980 [||||||||||||||| ] KiB Swap: 3.0/2097148 [|| ] PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 15:10.42 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.7 0.1 0:57.99 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.05 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.14 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.86 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.14 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.08 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.66 kworker/1:0 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
以进度条的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu0 : 28.1/71.9 100[ ] %Cpu1 : 0.0/0.0 0[ ] KiB Mem : 19.8/997980 [ ] KiB Swap: 3.0/2097148 [ ] PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 15:54.68 dd 546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:58.01 vmtoolsd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0 784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.05 tuned 544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager 538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.14 irqbalance 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd 2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.86 httpd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.14 rsyslogd 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.08 rcu_sched 540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon 3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.66 kworker/1:0 247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
按z会显示颜色
在6上显示的
在7上可以往下翻，在6上不行
（四）修改刷新时间间隔：s
可以设置为1秒，回车即可
刷新间隔过于频繁不好的，增加了系统负担
top - 23:01:01 up 22:32, 3 users, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.75 Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 12.9 us, 38.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 48.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845088 free, 62020 used, 90872 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800212 avail Mem Change delay from 3.0 to 1 PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 24:56.46 dd 1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.98 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.24 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
（五）终止指定进程：k
top - 23:04:59 up 22:36, 3 users, load average: 0.40, 0.68, 0.73 Tasks: 114 total, 3 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 36.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 49.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 843416 free, 62840 used, 91724 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2035292 free, 61856 used. 798888 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4166 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:20.70 dd 4167 root 20 0 161940 2188 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.01 top 1 root 20 0 127944 3256 2092 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.99 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.26 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.33 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
top - 23:05:08 up 22:36, 3 users, load average: 0.34, 0.66, 0.72 Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 843416 free, 62840 used, 91724 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2035292 free, 61856 used. 798888 avail Mem Send pid 4166 signal [15/sigterm] PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4166 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:29.70 dd 1 root 20 0 127944 3256 2092 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.99 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.26 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.33 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
（六）保存文件：W
[root@centos72 ~]# cat /root/.toprc
top's Config File (Linux processes with windows)
Id:i, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.0, Curwin=0 Def fieldscur=¥¨³´»½D·º¹æ')*+,-./012568<>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij winflags=193844, sortindx=18, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0 summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1 Job fieldscur=¥¦¹·º(³´Ļ½@<§é*+,-./012568>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij winflags=193844, sortindx=0, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0 summclr=6, msgsclr=6, headclr=7, taskclr=6 Mem fieldscur=¥º»<½¾¿AMBN34·æ'()*+,-./0125689FGHIJKLOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij winflags=193844, sortindx=21, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0 summclr=5, msgsclr=5, headclr=4, taskclr=5 Usr fieldscur=¥¦§¨ª°¹·ºŅ)+,-./1234568;<=>?@ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij winflags=193844, sortindx=3, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0 summclr=3, msgsclr=3, headclr=2, taskclr=3 Fixed_widest=0, Summ_mscale=0, Task_mscale=0, Zero_suppress=0
（七）top命令行的相关选项
-d #: 指定刷新时间间隔，默认为3秒
-b: 全部显示所有进程
-n #: 刷新多少次后退出
[root@centos72 ~]# time top -d 2 -n 3
top - 00:36:16 up 1 day, 8 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 113 total, 1 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 997980 total, 835168 free, 65176 used, 97636 buff/cache KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2037084 free, 60064 used. 793636 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 127944 3264 2096 S 0.0 0.3 0:04.23 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.76 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.37 rcu_sched 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.00 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 watchdog/1 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kdevtmpfs real 0m4.235s user 0m0.048s sys 0m0.032s
三htop命令
htop软件包来自EPEL源
选项：
-d #: 指定延迟时间；
-u UserName: 仅显示指定用户的进程
-s COLUME: 以指定字段进行排序
子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树
（一）安装htop
[root@centos72 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 52403200 1211556 51191644 3% / devtmpfs 487964 0 487964 0% /dev tmpfs 498988 0 498988 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 498988 7844 491144 2% /run tmpfs 498988 0 498988 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda3 20961280 32980 20928300 1% /app /dev/sda1 1038336 126596 911740 13% /boot tmpfs 99800 0 99800 0% /run/user/0 [root@centos72 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos72 ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): epel/primary_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:01 (2/2): ali-centos/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:02 repo id repo name status ali-centos ali-centos 10,019 base base 3,971 epel epel 13,190 repolist: 27,180
[root@centos72 ~]# yum install htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: htop x86_64 2.2.0-3.el7 epel 103 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 103 k Installed size: 218 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7 Complete!
（二）htop子命令
只要鼠标点击就会显示相应的内容
子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用，系统调用是底层内核级的
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树
显示系统调用的整个过程，偏操作系统底层
[root@centos72 ~]# strace /bin/ls
execve("/bin/ls", ["/bin/ls"], [/* 24 vars */]) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x25ca000 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377aa000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=19365, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 19365, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f36377a5000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\320i\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=155784, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2255184, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3637363000 mprotect(0x7f3637387000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7f3637586000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x23000) = 0x7f3637586000 mmap(0x7f3637588000, 6480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3637588000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=20032, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2114112, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f363715e000 mprotect(0x7f3637162000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7f3637361000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f3637361000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\37\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=37056, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a4000 mmap(NULL, 2130560, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636f55000 mprotect(0x7f3636f5c000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7f363715c000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x7000) = 0x7f363715c000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P%\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2173512, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 3981792, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636b88000 mprotect(0x7f3636d4b000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7f3636f4a000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c2000) = 0x7f3636f4a000 mmap(0x7f3636f50000, 16864, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3636f50000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libpcre.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\25\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=402384, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 2494984, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636926000 mprotect(0x7f3636986000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7f3636b86000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x60000) = 0x7f3636b86000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\16\0\0\0\0\0\0