Globalization, Localization, Internationalization and Translation

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-21 15:11:03 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-07-21 15:11:03 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/markjiao/p/3309309.html

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Localization

L10n is the process of adapting the text and applications of a product or service to enable its acceptability for a particular cultural or linguistic market. Translation is the central activity of localization. Localization goes beyond literal translation, in addition to idiomatic language translation, numerous locale details such as currency, national regulations and holidays, cultural sensitivities, product or service names, gender roles, and geographic examples among many other details must all be considered. A successfully localized service or product is one that seems to have been developed within the local culture.

Localization primarily includes:

Translating text content, software source code, web sites, or database content; machine translation may be used in early stages.
Adjusting graphic and visual elements and examples to make them culturally appropriate
Post-production quality control of content, systems and the integrated product

The localization market is focused on software, documentation (packaging information, technical booklets, user manuals, training equipment, etc.), web sites and applications.

Internationalization

I18n is planning and implementing products and services so that they can easily be localized for specific languages and cultures.

This process requires a combination of both international and technical expertise, and generally involves both deploying new systems and reengineering existing ones. Once the internationalized platform is in place, rollouts in new countries or cultures should be significantly more cost efficient, timely and market effective.

Internationalization may include:

Creating illustrations for documents in which the text can easily be changed to another language and allowing expansion room for this purpose
Allowing space in user interfaces (for example, hardware labels, help pages, and online menus) for translation into languages that require more space
Creating print or web site graphic images so that their text labels can be translated inexpensively
Leaving enough space in a brochure to drop in different length languages
Separating the language elements from the graphic elements, or abstracting content from markup in a web application and software
Using written examples that have global meaning
Insuring that the tools and product can support international character sets
For software, ensuring data space so that messages can be translated from languages with single-byte character codes (such as English) into languages requiring multiple-byte character codes (such as Japanese Kanji)

Globalization

Globalization is an approach to business strategy that aims to address all of the logistical and organizational challenges an enterprise faces as it expands its supporting content, assets and message across cultures and markets to new clients. Globalization incorporates internationalization and localization to achieve this goal.

Globalization describes a comprehensive process that incorporates, augments, and extends:

Research on and identification of global markets
Market validation and selection
Identification and formalization of global business requirements
Language translation and cultural integration (a.k.a. Internationalization and Localization)
Identification of technology standards and solutions (format and structure)
Identification of cross-market affinities (to enable marketing and technology asset reuse)
Alignment with and support for Internationalization (i18n) and Localization (l10n) processes.

當地化

當地化是指把一項產品或服務的文字和應用程式加以改編，使其可以在某個文化或語言的市場被接受。翻譯是當地化的核心工作。當地化的工作範圍比文字翻譯還廣，除了把文字轉化成為當地熟悉的語言之外，還必須考慮到許許多多和當地有關的細節，例如貨幣、國家法規、假日、文化上的敏感事物、產品或服務的名稱、性別以及地理差異等等。成功的當地化服務或當地化產品，看起來就好像是在當地文化環境中所自然形成的一樣。

當地化的工作主要包括：