1.特点:用树状结构表示“整体-部分”的层次关系,使单个对象(叶节点)与组合对象(枝节点)的使用具有一致性。
2.概念:将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
3.类图:
4.程序实现:
/// <summary>
/// 一个抽象构件,声明一个接口用于访问和管理Component的子部件
/// </summary>
public abstract class Component
{
protected string name;
public Component(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
/// <summary>
/// 增加一个节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public abstract void Add(Component component);
/// <summary>
/// 移除一个节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public abstract void Remove(Component component);
/// <summary>
/// 显示层级结构
/// </summary>
public abstract void Display(int level);
}
/// <summary>
/// 叶子节点
/// </summary>
public class Leaf : Component
{
public Leaf(string name)
: base(name)
{ }
/// <summary>
/// 由于叶子节点没有子节点,所以Add和Remove方法对它来说没有意义,但它继承自Component,这样做可以消除叶节点和枝节点对象在抽象层次的区别,它们具备完全一致的接口。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public override void Add(Component component)
{
Console.WriteLine("Can not add a component to a leaf.");
}
/// <summary>
/// 实现它没有意义,只是提供了一个一致的调用接口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public override void Remove(Component component)
{
Console.WriteLine("Can not remove a component to a leaf.");
}
public override void Display(int level)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-',level) + name);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义有枝节点的行为,用来存储部件,实现在Component接口中对子部件有关的操作
/// </summary>
public class Composite : Component
{
public Composite(string name)
: base(name)
{ }
/// <summary>
/// 一个子对象集合,用来存储其下属的枝节点和叶节点
/// </summary>
private List<Component> children = new List<Component>();
/// <summary>
/// 增加子节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public override void Add(Component component)
{
children.Add(component);
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除子节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="component"></param>
public override void Remove(Component component)
{
children.Remove(component);
}
public override void Display(int level)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', level) + name);
// 遍历其子节点并显示
foreach (Component component in children)
{
component.Display(level+2);
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// 生成树根,并为其增加两个叶子节点
Component root = new Composite("Root");
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A in Root"));
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B in Root"));
// 为根增加两个枝节点
Component branchX = new Composite("Branch X in Root");
Component branchY = new Composite("Branch Y in Root");
root.Add(branchX);
root.Add(branchY);
// 为BranchX增加页节点
branchX.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A in Branch X"));
// 为BranchX增加枝节点
Component branchZ = new Composite("Branch Z in Branch X");
branchX.Add(branchZ);
// 为BranchY增加叶节点
branchY.Add(new Leaf("Leaf in Branch Y"));
// 为BranchZ增加叶节点
branchZ.Add(new Leaf("Leaf in Branch Z"));
// 显示树
root.Display(1);
Console.Read();
}
}