jackson包提供了java对象与json相互转换的API。
jackson转换机制
Jackson要求java对象是一个POJO对象,即它是一个普通JavaBean对象。此外,如果字段是用private修饰的,则必须有getXXX()方法,否则字段用public修饰。
json常见格式如下
{
"key1" : value,
"key2" : [...],
"key3" : {...}
}
jackson把JavaBean对象的每个字段映射为json的键,json键值由JavaBean的getXXX()方法确定。
json键值从形式上看,可以分为基本类型(字符串、数值)、数组、字典。当JavaBean的字段声明为基本类型时对应json的基本类型,当JavaBean声明为数组或链表时对应json的数组类型,当JavaBean声明为字典或对象时对应json的字典类型。
序列化
定义一个符合JavaBean规则的类
package com.weixia.Json;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Bean {
private String name;
private int[] stature;
private Friend friend;
private ArrayList<String> song;
private Map<String,Integer> score = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
public Bean(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setStature(int[] stature) {
this.stature = stature;
}
public int[] getStature() {
return this.stature;
}
public void setSong(ArrayList<String> song) {
this.song = song;
}
public ArrayList<String> getSong() {
return this.song;
}
public void setFriend(Friend friend) {
this.friend = friend;
}
public Friend getFriend() {
return this.friend;
}
public void addScore(String subject,Integer score) {
this.score.put(subject, score);
}
public Map getScore() {
return this.score;
}
}
class Friend {
public String name;
public int age;
}
将Bean对象序列化为json如下
package com.weixia.Json;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
{
Bean bean = new Bean("Album");
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
bean.setStature(new int[] {88,60,89});
ArrayList<String> song = new ArrayList<String>();
song.add("奇异恩典");
song.add("东京的都");
bean.setSong(song);
Friend friend = new Friend();
friend.name = "小明";
friend.age = 24;
bean.setFriend(friend);
bean.addScore("Math", 100);
bean.addScore("PE", 88);
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true); //格式化输出
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.ORDER_MAP_ENTRIES_BY_KEYS, true); //键按自然顺序输出
mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_EMPTY); //忽略POJO中属性为空的字段
mapper.writeValue(System.out, bean);
}
}
反序列化
json文件如下:
{
"name": "weixia",
"age": 24,
"stature":[89,66,89],
"friend":{
"name":"zhiye",
"age":24
},
"test":""
}
定义一个符合JaveBean规则的类
package com.weixia.Json;
public class People {
private String name;
private int age;
private Friend friend;
private int[] stature;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public Friend getFriend() {
return this.friend;
}
public int[] getStature() {
return this.stature;
}
}
class Friend {
public String name;
public int age;
}
将json反序列化为java对象
package com.weixia.Json;
import java.io.File;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
public class Json2Bean {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false); //忽略未知的属性
People people = mapper.readValue(new File("F:\\test.json"), People.class);
System.out.println(people.getName());
System.out.println(people.getAge());
System.out.println(people.getFriend());
int[] stature = people.getStature();
for (int num : stature) {
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}