表单的数据验证往往枯燥无味,又不可避免.
在一个如下表单只有两个输入框,和确定按钮的情况下,正常我们需要做哪些工作呢?
1. 如果年龄输入框输入了非数字的字符串,输入框失去焦点后,后面错误消息应当能立即提示出来
2.错误的提示的内容如果变化,你可能需要修改整个UI设计.(如显示在输入框下方)
3.点击OK按钮,需要遍历Window所有输入框,如果有输入数据验证不符合,需要提示错误,并将对应的控件获取焦点.
这很容易么?当这个输入框再多一些呢?
下面的Demo,看在WPF如何轻松处理这些:
Window里,textBox1,textBox2,textBox3 绑定的数据为:
DataSource public class MyDataSource { private int _age; private int _age2; private int _age3; public MyDataSource() { Age = 0; Age2 = 0; } public int Age { get { return _age; } set { _age = value; } } public int Age2 { get { return _age2; } set { _age2 = value; } } public int Age3 { get { return _age3; } set { _age3 = value; } } }
- 使用自定义验证规则
<TextBox Name="textBox1" Width="50" FontSize="15" Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}" Style="{StaticResource textBoxInError}" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="2"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="Age" Source="{StaticResource ods}" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" > <Binding.ValidationRules> <c:AgeRangeRule Min="21" Max="130"/> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox>
textBox1 绑定了Age ,并且使用的验证的规则为 AgeRangeRule ,规则中指定了最小值和最大值,当PropertyChanged时验证规则将触发,也就是该控件失去焦点之时. 提示的信息样式定义在ErrorTemplate里,让我们再来看一看ErrroTemplate的内容:
<ControlTemplate x:Key="validationTemplate"> <DockPanel> <TextBlock Foreground="Red" FontSize="20">!</TextBlock> <AdornedElementPlaceholder/> </DockPanel> </ControlTemplate>
AdornedElementPlaceholder 才是这里的点睛之处,此处放置了待验证的控件,而整个ErrorTemplate正是使用神奇的Adoner实现了错误的提示的位置和原排版布局的无关性. 验证规则和整个代码完全解耦:
rule public class AgeRangeRule : ValidationRule { private int _min; private int _max; public AgeRangeRule() { } public int Min { get { return _min; } set { _min = value; } } public int Max { get { return _max; } set { _max = value; } } public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo) { int age = 0; try { if (((string)value).Length > 0) age = Int32.Parse((String)value); } catch (Exception e) { return new ValidationResult(false, "Illegal characters or " + e.Message); } if ((age < Min) || (age > Max)) { return new ValidationResult(false, "Please enter an age in the range: " + Min + " - " + Max + "."); } else { return new ValidationResult(true, null); } } }
验证规则验证失败时候抛出的异常显示在Tip里.
<Style x:Key="textBoxInError" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}"> <Style.Triggers> <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true"> <Setter Property="ToolTip" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}, Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"/> </Trigger> </Style.Triggers> </Style>
- 使用ExceptionValidationRule
另一种方法,不自定义Rule,如:
<TextBox Name="textBox3" Width="50" FontSize="15" Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="1" Margin="2" Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}" Style="{StaticResource textBoxInError}"> <TextBox.Text> <Binding Path="Age3" Source="{StaticResource ods}" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged"> <Binding.ValidationRules> <ExceptionValidationRule/> </Binding.ValidationRules> </Binding> </TextBox.Text> </TextBox>
在后台代码中:
BindingExpression myBindingExpression = textBox3.GetBindingExpression(TextBox.TextProperty);
Binding myBinding = myBindingExpression.ParentBinding;
myBinding.UpdateSourceExceptionFilter = new UpdateSourceExceptionFilterCallback(ReturnExceptionHandler);
myBindingExpression.UpdateSource();
因为Age3 是Int类型,在textBox3 输入非int类型,将会引发异常,此时使用Rule的正是系统的ExceptionValidationRule,同样错误信息的模块不变.
- 验证所有控件
// Validate all dependency objects in a window bool IsValid(DependencyObject node) { // Check if dependency object was passed if (node != null) { // Check if dependency object is valid. // NOTE: Validation.GetHasError works for controls that have validation rules attached bool isValid = !Validation.GetHasError(node); if (!isValid) { // If the dependency object is invalid, and it can receive the focus, // set the focus if (node is IInputElement) Keyboard.Focus((IInputElement)node); return false; } } // If this dependency object is valid, check all child dependency objects foreach (object subnode in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(node)) { if (subnode is DependencyObject) { // If a child dependency object is invalid, return false immediately, // otherwise keep checking if (IsValid((DependencyObject)subnode) == false) return false; } } // All dependency objects are valid return true; }
在点击确定可使用该方法再次验证,在数据不合法的情况下,使用户无法提交
代码: 下载