Python----面向对象---异常处理

一、什么是异常

异常是错误发生的信号，一旦程序出错，并且程序没有处理这个错误，那么就会抛出异常，并且程序的运行随之终止

例如：

 1 print('1')
 2 print('2')
 3 print('3')
 4 int('aaaa')
 5 print('4')
 6 print('5')
 7 print('6')
 8 
 9 结果为：
10 
11 Traceback (most recent call last):
12 1
13 2
14   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 6, in <module>
15 3
16     int('aaaa')
17 ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'aaaa'

报错后后面的代码没有被执行

二、错误分为两种

1、语法错误

例如：

 1 print(xxx
 2 
 3 if 1 > 3
 4 
 5 结果为：
 6 
 7   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 15
 8     
 9     ^
10 SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing

2、逻辑错误

 a、ValueError

1 int('aaa')
2 
3 结果为：
4 
5 Traceback (most recent call last):
6   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 15, in <module>
7     int('aaa')
8 ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'aaa'

b、NameError

1 name
2 
3 结果为：
4 
5 Traceback (most recent call last):
6   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 17, in <module>
7     name
8 NameError: name 'name' is not defined

c、IndexError

1 l = [1, 2, 3]
2 l[100]
3 
4 结果为：
5 
6 Traceback (most recent call last):
7   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 20, in <module>
8     l[100]
9 IndexError: list index out of range

d、KeyError

1 d = {}
2 d['name']
3 
4 结果为：
5 
6 Traceback (most recent call last):
7   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 23, in <module>
8     d['name']
9 KeyError: 'name'

e、AttributeError

 1 class Foo:
 2     pass
 3 
 4 Foo.xxx
 5 
 6 结果为：
 7 
 8 Traceback (most recent call last):
 9   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 28, in <module>
10     Foo.xxx
11 AttributeError: type object 'Foo' has no attribute 'xxx'

f、TypeError

1 for i in 3:
2     pass
3 
4 结果为:
5 
6 Traceback (most recent call last):
7   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 30, in <module>
8     for i in 3:
9 TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

g、ZeroDivisionError

 1 res1 = 1 / 0
 2 res2 = 1 + 'str'
 3 
 4 结果为：
 5 
 6 
 7 Traceback (most recent call last):
 8   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 33, in <module>
 9     res1 = 1 / 0
10 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

h、KeyboardInterrupt

1 >>>
2 >>> import time
3 >>> time.sleep(1000)
4 Traceback (most recent call last):
5   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
6 KeyboardInterrupt
7 >>>

三、异常

强调1：错误发生条件如果是可以预知的，此时应该用if判断方法去预防异常

例如：

 1 AGE = 10
 2 
 3 age = input('>>: ').strip()
 4 age = int(age)
 5 if age > AGE:
 6     print('too big')
 7 
 8 结果为:
 9 
10 >>: aaa
11 Traceback (most recent call last):
12   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 47, in <module>
13     age = int(age)
14 ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'aaa'

如果输入为非数字就会报错，可以用if判断避免：

1 AGE = 10
2 
3 age = input('>>: ').strip()
4 if age.isdigit():
5     
6     age = int(age)
7     if age > AGE:
8         print('too big')

这样就避免抛出异常了

强调2：错误发生的条件如果是不可预知的，此时应该用异常处理机制，try......except

例如：

 1 f = open('a.txt')
 2 
 3 print(next(f))
 4 print(next(f))
 5 print(next(f))
 6 print(next(f))
 7 print(next(f))
 8 print(next(f))
 9 print(next(f))
10 
11 f.close()
12 
13 结果为：
14 
15 111
16 Traceback (most recent call last):
17 
18 222
19 
20   File "C:/Users/xu516/PycharmProjects/Python全栈开发/第三模块/面向对象编程/32 异常处理.py", line 60, in <module>
21 333
22 
23     print(next(f))
24 444
25 
26 StopIteration
27 555

不知道执行到什么时候发生异常，且发生异常时后面的代码不会执行，此时使用try.......except

 1 try:
 2     f = open('a.txt')
 3 
 4     print(next(f))
 5     print(next(f))
 6     print(next(f))
 7     print(next(f))
 8     print(next(f))
 9     print(next(f))
10     print(next(f))
11 
12     print('after print')
13     f.close()
14 
15 except StopIteration:
16     print('出错啦')
17 
18 结果为：
19 
20 111
21 
22 222
23 
24 333
25 
26 444
27 
28 555
29 出错啦

在try except 后面的代码还是可以正常执行的，

 1 try:
 2     f = open('a.txt')
 3 
 4     print(next(f))
 5     print(next(f))
 6     print(next(f))
 7     print(next(f))
 8     print(next(f))
 9     print(next(f))
10     print(next(f))
11 
12     print('after print')
13     f.close()
14 
15 except StopIteration:
16     print('出错啦')
17 
18 print('========1')
19 print('========2')
20 print('========3')
21 
22 结果为：
23 
24 111
25 
26 222
27 
28 333
29 
30 444
31 
32 555
33 出错啦
34 ========1
35 ========2
36 ========3

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xudachen/p/8667225.html