C语言内存分配浅析

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 13:08:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 13:08:09 发布

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文章标签： c/c++ 数据结构与算法

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/windlaughing/archive/2013/04/11/3013642.html

版权

本文主要通过一个测试程序，来观察全局变量、静态变量、局部变量、常量、子函数、函数参数等，它们在内存中的分布。最后列举了内存中的几种空间类型。希望对大家有所帮助。

测试程序

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 
 4 void fun(int i);
 5 
 6 int global_i = 100;
 7 int global_j = 200;
 8 int global_k,global_h;
 9 char *global_p;
10 int main()
11 {
12     static int static_i = 5;
13     static int static_j = 10;
14     static int static_k;
15     static int static_h;
16 
17     printf("\n全局数据地址(有初值)：\n");
18     printf("global_i\t 0x%p = %d\n", &global_i, global_i);
19     printf("global_j\t 0x%p = %d\n", &global_j, global_j);
20     printf("静态数据地址(有初值)：\n");
21     printf("static_i\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_i, static_i);
22     printf("static_j\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_j, static_j);
23 
24     printf("\n全局数据地址(无初值)：\n");
25     printf("global_k\t 0x%p = %d\n", &global_k, global_k);
26     printf("global_h\t 0x%p = %d\n", &global_h, global_h);
27     printf("静态数据地址(无初值)：\n");
28     printf("static_k\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_k, static_k);
29     printf("static_h\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_h, static_h);
30 
31     char *pstr1 = "Mr.Shao";
32     char *pstr2 = "Hello";
33     char *pstr3 = "Mr.Shao";
34     printf("\n字符串常量数据地址：\n");
35     printf("*pstr1\t 0x%p\n",  pstr1);
36     printf("*pstr3\t 0x%p\n", pstr3);
37     printf("*pstr2\t 0x%p\n", pstr2);
38 
39     int i = 5;
40     int j = 10;
41     int f, h;
42     char c='a';
43     char s[] = "abc";
44     char *p2=NULL;
45     char *p3 = "abc"; //"123456/0"在常量区,p3在栈上。
46     printf("\n栈中数据地址=有初值:\n");
47     printf("i\t 0x%p = %d\n",&i,i);
48     printf("j\t 0x%p = %d\n", &j, j);
49     printf("f\t 0x%p = %d\n", &f, f);
50     printf("h\t 0x%p = %d\n", &h, h);
51     printf("c\t 0x%p = %d\n", &c, c);
52     printf("s\t 0x%p = 0x%p\n", &s, s);
53     printf("p2\t 0x%p = 0x%p\n", &p2, p2);
54     printf("p3\t 0x%p = 0x%p\n", &p3, p3);
55 
56     const int NUM = 2;
57     int *p = (int*)malloc(NUM * sizeof(int));
58     global_p = (char *)malloc(10);
59     p2 = (char *)malloc(20);
60     printf("NUM\t 0x%p = 0x%d\n", &NUM, NUM);
61     printf("p\t 0x%p = 0x%p\n", &p, p);
62     printf("\n堆中数据地址\n");
63     printf("*p\t 0x%p\n", p);
64     printf("*global_p\t 0x%p\n", global_p);
65     printf("*p2\t 0x%p\n", p2);
66 
67 
68     printf("\n子函数的地址\n");
69     printf("void fun(int)\t 0x%p\n", fun);
70     fun(47);//子函数
71 
72     free(p);
73     free(global_p);
74     free(p2);
75     return 0;
76 }
77 
78 void fun(int i)
79 {
80     int j = i;
81     static int static_i = 100;
82     static int static_j;
83 
84     printf("\n子函数:\n");
85     printf("栈中数据地址(参数)\n");
86     printf("i\t 0x%p = %d\n", &i, i);
87     printf("栈中数据地址j\n");
88     printf("j\t 0x%p = %d\n", &j, j);
89     printf("静态数据地址(有初值)\n");
90     printf("static_i\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_i, static_i);
91     printf("静态数据地址(无初值)\n");
92     printf("static_j\t 0x%p = %d\n", &static_j, static_j);
93 }