vector<int> v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(3);
cout << v.size() << " " << v.capacity() << endl; //2 2
v.resize(4, 4); //3 3 4 4, 对已经初始化的位置不会重新进行构造, 所以resize(4,4) 前应该先clear() 或者 resize(0)即可
cout << v.size() << " " << v.capacity() << endl; //4 4
v.clear();
cout << v.size() << " " << v.capacity() << endl; //0 4
v.resize(0);
cout << v.size() << " " << v.capacity() << endl; //0 4