TinyXML指南
目录：
TinyXML是什么
本教程有一些有关如何有效使用TinyXML的提示和建议。
我也试图包括一些C ++提示，例如如何将字符串转换为整数，反之亦然。这与TinyXML本身无关，但它可能对您的项目有帮助，所以我就这样做了。
如果你不知道基本的C ++概念，本教程将不会对你有帮助。同样，如果你不知道什么是DOM，还是先去别处看看吧。
开始之前
将使用一些示例XML数据集/文件。
example1.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <Hello>World</Hello>
example2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <poetry> <verse> Alas Great World Alas (again) </verse> </poetry>
example3.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <shapes> <circle name="int-based" x="20" y="30" r="50" /> <point name="float-based" x="3.5" y="52.1" /> </shapes>
example4.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <MyApp> <!-- Settings for MyApp --> <Messages> <Welcome>Welcome to MyApp</Welcome> <Farewell>Thank you for using MyApp</Farewell> </Messages> <Windows> <Window name="MainFrame" x="5" y="15" w="400" h="250" /> </Windows> <Connection ip="192.168.0.1" timeout="123.456000" /> </MyApp>
开始
从文件加载XML
将文件加载进TinyXML DOM的最简单的方法是：
TiXmlDocument doc( "demo.xml" ); doc.LoadFile();
更真实的用法如下所示。这将加载文件并显示内容到STDOUT：
// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename) { TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename); bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile(); if (loadOkay) { printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename); dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial } else { printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename); } }
这个函数的一个简单的示例是使用如下的main函数：
int main(void) { dump_to_stdout("example1.xml"); return 0; }
回看Example 1 XML 如下:
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <Hello>World</Hello>
使用此XML运行程序将在控制台/ DOS窗口中显示：
DOCUMENT
+ DECLARATION
+ ELEMENT Hello
+ TEXT[World]
dump_to_stdout 函数在本教程的后面定义，如果你想理解DOM的递归遍历，它是有用的。
程序化生成文档
程序化的生成 Example 1 ：
void build_simple_doc( ) { // Make xml: <?xml ..><Hello>World</Hello> TiXmlDocument doc; TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" ); TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" ); TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" ); element->LinkEndChild( text ); doc.LinkEndChild( decl ); doc.LinkEndChild( element ); doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand.xml" ); }
这可以加载并显示在控制台上：
dump_to_stdout("madeByHand.xml"); // this func defined later in the tutorial
您将看到它与示例1相同：
madeByHand.xml:
Document
+ Declaration
+ Element [Hello]
+ Text: [World]
此代码生成完全相同的XML DOM，但它不同的顺序创建和链接节点：
void write_simple_doc2( ) { // same as write_simple_doc1 but add each node // as early as possible into the tree. TiXmlDocument doc; TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" ); doc.LinkEndChild( decl ); TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" ); doc.LinkEndChild( element ); TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" ); element->LinkEndChild( text ); doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand2.xml" ); }
这两个产生相同的XML，即：
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <Hello>World</Hello>
或者相同的结构：
DOCUMENT
+ DECLARATION
+ ELEMENT Hello
+ TEXT[World]
属性
给定一个存在的节点，设置属性很容易：
window = new TiXmlElement( "Demo" ); window->SetAttribute("name", "Circle"); window->SetAttribute("x", 5); window->SetAttribute("y", 15); window->SetDoubleAttribute("radius", 3.14159);
你也可以使用TiXmlAttribute对象。
以下代码显示了获取元素的所有属性的一种方式（而不是唯一的方式），打印名称和字符串值，如果值可以转换为整数或双精度值，则还要打印该值：
// print all attributes of pElement. // returns the number of attributes printed int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent) { if ( !pElement ) return 0; TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute(); int i=0; int ival; double dval; const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent); printf("\n"); while (pAttrib) { printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value()); if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival); if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval); printf( "\n" ); i++; pAttrib=pAttrib->Next(); } return i; }
将文档写入文件
将预构建的DOM写入文件很简单：
doc.SaveFile( saveFilename );
回顾一下，比如example4.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <MyApp> <!-- Settings for MyApp --> <Messages> <Welcome>Welcome to MyApp</Welcome> <Farewell>Thank you for using MyApp</Farewell> </Messages> <Windows> <Window name="MainFrame" x="5" y="15" w="400" h="250" /> </Windows> <Connection ip="192.168.0.1" timeout="123.456000" /> </MyApp>
以下函数构建此DOM并写入文件“appsettings.xml”：
void write_app_settings_doc( ) { TiXmlDocument doc; TiXmlElement* msg; TiXmlDeclaration* decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" ); doc.LinkEndChild( decl ); TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement( "MyApp" ); doc.LinkEndChild( root ); TiXmlComment * comment = new TiXmlComment(); comment->SetValue(" Settings for MyApp " ); root->LinkEndChild( comment ); TiXmlElement * msgs = new TiXmlElement( "Messages" ); root->LinkEndChild( msgs ); msg = new TiXmlElement( "Welcome" ); msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText( "Welcome to MyApp" )); msgs->LinkEndChild( msg ); msg = new TiXmlElement( "Farewell" ); msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText( "Thank you for using MyApp" )); msgs->LinkEndChild( msg ); TiXmlElement * windows = new TiXmlElement( "Windows" ); root->LinkEndChild( windows ); TiXmlElement * window; window = new TiXmlElement( "Window" ); windows->LinkEndChild( window ); window->SetAttribute("name", "MainFrame"); window->SetAttribute("x", 5); window->SetAttribute("y", 15); window->SetAttribute("w", 400); window->SetAttribute("h", 250); TiXmlElement * cxn = new TiXmlElement( "Connection" ); root->LinkEndChild( cxn ); cxn->SetAttribute("ip", "192.168.0.1"); cxn->SetDoubleAttribute("timeout", 123.456); // floating point attrib dump_to_stdout( &doc ); doc.SaveFile( "appsettings.xml" ); }
dump_to_stdout函数将显示此结构：
Document
+ Declaration
+ Element [MyApp]
(No attributes)
+ Comment: [ Settings for MyApp ]
+ Element [Messages]
(No attributes)
+ Element [Welcome]
(No attributes)
+ Text: [Welcome to MyApp]
+ Element [Farewell]
(No attributes)
+ Text: [Thank you for using MyApp]
+ Element [Windows]
(No attributes)
+ Element [Window]
+ name: value=[MainFrame]
+ x: value=[5] int=5 d=5.0
+ y: value=[15] int=15 d=15.0
+ w: value=[400] int=400 d=400.0
+ h: value=[250] int=250 d=250.0
5 attributes
+ Element [Connection]
+ ip: value=[192.168.0.1] int=192 d=192.2
+ timeout: value=[123.456000] int=123 d=123.5
2 attributes
让我感到惊讶的是，相对其他API，TinyXml默认以一种很美观的格式输出XML——它对包含其他节点得元素的文本中的空白做了改动，这样写出的树包含对嵌套级别的呈现。
我还没有见过一种写文件的时候关闭缩进的方法，显然这样很容易遇到麻烦。
【注：在STL模式仅需使用cout << myDoc。非STL模式总是使用“漂亮”的格式。添加一个开关将是一个很好的功能，并已被要求这样做。】
XML C++ 对象之间的转化
介绍
此示例假设您正在将应用设置加载并保存在XML文件中，例如example4.xml。
有很多方法可以做到这一点。例如，访问 http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinybind 查看 TinyBind 项目。
本节介绍一种使用XML加载和保存基本对象结构的简单方法。
构造你的对象类型
从一些基本类开始，如：
#include <string> #include <map> using namespace std; typedef std::map<std::string,std::string> MessageMap; // a basic window abstraction - demo purposes only class WindowSettings { public: int x,y,w,h; string name; WindowSettings() : x(0), y(0), w(100), h(100), name("Untitled") { } WindowSettings(int x, int y, int w, int h, const string& name) { this->x=x; this->y=y; this->w=w; this->h=h; this->name=name; } }; class ConnectionSettings { public: string ip; double timeout; }; class AppSettings { public: string m_name; MessageMap m_messages; list<WindowSettings> m_windows; ConnectionSettings m_connection; AppSettings() {} void save(const char* pFilename); void load(const char* pFilename); // just to show how to do it void setDemoValues() { m_name="MyApp"; m_messages.clear(); m_messages["Welcome"]="Welcome to "+m_name; m_messages["Farewell"]="Thank you for using "+m_name; m_windows.clear(); m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,15,400,250,"Main")); m_connection.ip="Unknown"; m_connection.timeout=123.456; } };
这是一个基本的main（），展示如何创建默认设置对象树，保存它并重新加载：
int main(void) { AppSettings settings; settings.save("appsettings2.xml"); settings.load("appsettings2.xml"); return 0; }
下面的main() 展示了如何 创建、修改、保存，然后加载一个设置结构：
int main(void) { // block: customise and save settings { AppSettings settings; settings.m_name="HitchHikerApp"; settings.m_messages["Welcome"]="Don't Panic"; settings.m_messages["Farewell"]="Thanks for all the fish"; settings.m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,25,300,250,"BookFrame")); settings.m_connection.ip="192.168.0.77"; settings.m_connection.timeout=42.0; settings.save("appsettings2.xml"); } // block: load settings { AppSettings settings; settings.load("appsettings2.xml"); printf("%s: %s\n", settings.m_name.c_str(), settings.m_messages["Welcome"].c_str()); WindowSettings & w=settings.m_windows.front(); printf("%s: Show window '%s' at %d,%d (%d x %d)\n", settings.m_name.c_str(), w.name.c_str(), w.x, w.y, w.w, w.h); printf("%s: %s\n", settings.m_name.c_str(), settings.m_messages["Farewell"].c_str()); } return 0; }
当save（）和load（）完成（见下文）时，运行main（）在控制台上显示：
HitchHikerApp: Don't Panic
HitchHikerApp: Show window 'BookFrame' at 15,25 (300 x 100)
HitchHikerApp: Thanks for all the fish
从C++状态编码为XML
有很多不同的方法来保存到一个文件。这里有一个：
void AppSettings::save(const char* pFilename) { TiXmlDocument doc; TiXmlElement* msg; TiXmlComment * comment; string s; TiXmlDeclaration* decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" ); doc.LinkEndChild( decl ); TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement(m_name.c_str()); doc.LinkEndChild( root ); comment = new TiXmlComment(); s=" Settings for "+m_name+" "; comment->SetValue(s.c_str()); root->LinkEndChild( comment ); // block: messages { MessageMap::iterator iter; TiXmlElement * msgs = new TiXmlElement( "Messages" ); root->LinkEndChild( msgs ); for (iter=m_messages.begin(); iter != m_messages.end(); iter++) { const string & key=(*iter).first; const string & value=(*iter).second; msg = new TiXmlElement(key.c_str()); msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText(value.c_str())); msgs->LinkEndChild( msg ); } } // block: windows { TiXmlElement * windowsNode = new TiXmlElement( "Windows" ); root->LinkEndChild( windowsNode ); list<WindowSettings>::iterator iter; for (iter=m_windows.begin(); iter != m_windows.end(); iter++) { const WindowSettings& w=*iter; TiXmlElement * window; window = new TiXmlElement( "Window" ); windowsNode->LinkEndChild( window ); window->SetAttribute("name", w.name.c_str()); window->SetAttribute("x", w.x); window->SetAttribute("y", w.y); window->SetAttribute("w", w.w); window->SetAttribute("h", w.h); } } // block: connection { TiXmlElement * cxn = new TiXmlElement( "Connection" ); root->LinkEndChild( cxn ); cxn->SetAttribute("ip", m_connection.ip.c_str()); cxn->SetDoubleAttribute("timeout", m_connection.timeout); } doc.SaveFile(pFilename); }
运行修改后的main会生成如下文件：
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <HitchHikerApp> <!-- Settings for HitchHikerApp --> <Messages> <Farewell>Thanks for all the fish</Farewell> <Welcome>Don't Panic</Welcome> </Messages> <Windows> <Window name="BookFrame" x="15" y="25" w="300" h="250" /> </Windows> <Connection ip="192.168.0.77" timeout="42.000000" /> </HitchHikerApp>
从XML解码出C++状态
与编码对象进行编码一样，有许多方法可以将XML解码为您自己的C ++对象结构。以下方法使用TiXmlHandles。
void AppSettings::load(const char* pFilename) { TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename); if (!doc.LoadFile()) return; TiXmlHandle hDoc(&doc); TiXmlElement* pElem; TiXmlHandle hRoot(0); // block: name { pElem=hDoc.FirstChildElement().Element(); // should always have a valid root but handle gracefully if it does if (!pElem) return; m_name=pElem->Value(); // save this for later hRoot=TiXmlHandle(pElem); } // block: string table { m_messages.clear(); // trash existing table pElem=hRoot.FirstChild( "Messages" ).FirstChild().Element(); for( pElem; pElem; pElem=pElem->NextSiblingElement()) { const char *pKey=pElem->Value(); const char *pText=pElem->GetText(); if (pKey && pText) { m_messages[pKey]=pText; } } } // block: windows { m_windows.clear(); // trash existing list TiXmlElement* pWindowNode=hRoot.FirstChild( "Windows" ).FirstChild().Element(); for( pWindowNode; pWindowNode; pWindowNode=pWindowNode->NextSiblingElement()) { WindowSettings w; const char *pName=pWindowNode->Attribute("name"); if (pName) w.name=pName; pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("x", &w.x); // If this fails, original value is left as-is pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("y", &w.y); pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("w", &w.w); pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("hh", &w.h); m_windows.push_back(w); } } // block: connection { pElem=hRoot.FirstChild("Connection").Element(); if (pElem) { m_connection.ip=pElem->Attribute("ip"); pElem->QueryDoubleAttribute("timeout",&m_connection.timeout); } } }
dump_to_stdout 的完整列表
下面是一个可以复制粘贴的示例程序：加载XML文件，并使用上面列出的递归遍历将结构输出到STDOUT。
// tutorial demo program #include "stdafx.h" #include "tinyxml.h" // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // STDOUT dump and indenting utility functions // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- const unsigned int NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE=2; const char * getIndent( unsigned int numIndents ) { static const char * pINDENT=" + "; static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT ); unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE; if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH; return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ]; } // same as getIndent but no "+" at the end const char * getIndentAlt( unsigned int numIndents ) { static const char * pINDENT=" "; static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT ); unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE; if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH; return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ]; } int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent) { if ( !pElement ) return 0; TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute(); int i=0; int ival; double dval; const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent); printf("\n"); while (pAttrib) { printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value()); if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival); if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval); printf( "\n" ); i++; pAttrib=pAttrib->Next(); } return i; } void dump_to_stdout( TiXmlNode* pParent, unsigned int indent = 0 ) { if ( !pParent ) return; TiXmlNode* pChild; TiXmlText* pText; int t = pParent->Type(); printf( "%s", getIndent(indent)); int num; switch ( t ) { case TiXmlNode::DOCUMENT: printf( "Document" ); break; case TiXmlNode::ELEMENT: printf( "Element [%s]", pParent->Value() ); num=dump_attribs_to_stdout(pParent->ToElement(), indent+1); switch(num) { case 0: printf( " (No attributes)"); break; case 1: printf( "%s1 attribute", getIndentAlt(indent)); break; default: printf( "%s%d attributes", getIndentAlt(indent), num); break; } break; case TiXmlNode::COMMENT: printf( "Comment: [%s]", pParent->Value()); break; case TiXmlNode::UNKNOWN: printf( "Unknown" ); break; case TiXmlNode::TEXT: pText = pParent->ToText(); printf( "Text: [%s]", pText->Value() ); break; case TiXmlNode::DECLARATION: printf( "Declaration" ); break; default: break; } printf( "\n" ); for ( pChild = pParent->FirstChild(); pChild != 0; pChild = pChild->NextSibling()) { dump_to_stdout( pChild, indent+1 ); } } // load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename) { TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename); bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile(); if (loadOkay) { printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename); dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial } else { printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename); } } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // main() for printing files named on the command line // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { for (int i=1; i<argc; i++) { dump_to_stdout(argv[i]); } return 0; }
从命令行或DOS窗口运行此命令，例如：
C:\dev\tinyxml> Debug\tinyxml_1.exe example1.xml
example1.xml:
Document
+ Declaration
+ Element [Hello]
(No attributes)
+ Text: [World]
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