- 被动语态语法
英语的被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,而被动语态的时态则通过动词be来体现,如一般现在时的被动语态为“am [is, are]+过去分词”构成,一般将来时的被动语态为“will be+过去分词”构成,现在完成时的被动语态为“have [has] been+过去分词”构成,等等。由此可知,学好不同时态的被动语态,主要应注意两点:第一,它是被动语态(be+过去分词);第二,它是哪种时态(要注意不同时态的构成方法)。所以解答不同时态的被动语态考题通常只需两招:
第一招:判断句子主语与谓语之间是否有被动关系。
第二招,分析句子谓语该用哪种时态(主要从句子语境和时态呼应等方面分析)。
例1 In case of bad weather, the wedding _______ indoors.
A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held
第一招:确定语态。由于wedding(婚礼)与hold(举行)之间为被动关系,故要用被动语态,故可排除A和B。
第二招:确定时态。根据In case of bad weather(万一天气不好)可知,句子谈论的是将来的情况,故要用将来时态,即选D。
句意为:万一下雨,婚礼将在室内举行。
例2 No decision will be made about any future appointment until all the candidates _______.
A. will interview B. will be interviewed C. have interviewed D. have been interviewed
第一招:确定语态。由于candidates(候选人)与interview(面试)之间为被动关系,故要用被动语态,可排除A和C。
第二招:确定时态。因为until引导的是时间状语从句,不能使用将来时态,但可用一般现在时表示将来或用现在完成时,故可排除B,即答案为D。
句意为:直到对所有的候选人都进行了面试才能决定进一步的委任。
例3 After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _______.
A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated
第一招:确定语态。由于it(指阅览室)与decorate(装修)之间为被动关系,故要用被动语态,可排除两个主动语态选项B和C。
第二招:确定时态。根据英语语法,only后接不定式表示结果时,通常是表示一种出人意料的结果。在本题中,“放学后去阅览室”本来是希望能顺利地进阅览室看书,但only to be told…却暗示一种意想不到的结果,显然是指阅览室正在被装修,不能进入看书,故选D。
句意为:放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。
例4 —Have you heard about that fire in the market?
— Yes, fortunately no one _______.
A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt
第一招:确定语态。因 no one 与 hurt 之间为被动关系,汉语说“没有受伤”,其中的“受”就是“被”的意思,即“没人被伤害到”,故答案应从被动语态中找,可排除A和C。
第二招:确定时态。再根据对话的意思可知,这里谈论的是过去发生的动作,而非过去的过去,故应用一般过去时,而不用过去完成时,即答案选 B。
句意为:“你听说过市场里的那场火灾吗?”“听说过,幸运的是没有人受伤。”
2.动词过去分词变换规则
规则变化:
1、一般在词尾加ed ,如 open - opened
2、以不发音字母e结尾,只加d ,如 close- closed
3、以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,改y为i再加ed,如 carry- carried
4、以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母再加ed,如 stop - stopped
不规则变化:
Infinitive不定式
|
Past Tense 过去式
|
Past Participle 过去分词
| 意思 |
abide
|
abode,abided
|
abode,abided
| 持续;忍受;停留 |
alight
|
alighted,alit
|
alighted,alit
| 烧着的;点亮着的 |
arise
|
arose
|
arisen
| 出现;上升;起立 |
awake
|
awoke,awaked
|
awoken,awoke,awaked
| 唤醒;使觉醒;激起,唤起 |
be
|
were \was
|
been
| 是; 有,存在; 做,成为; 发生 |
bear
|
bore
|
borne,born
| 忍受;承受;具有;支撑 |
beat
|
beat
|
beaten
| 拍子;敲击;有规律的一连串敲打 |
become
|
became
|
become
| 成为;变得;变成 |
befall
|
befell
|
befallen
| 降临;发生 |
beget
|
begot
|
begotten,begot
| 产生;招致;引起;当…的父亲 |
begin
|
began
|
begun
| 开始;首先 |
behold
|
beheld
|
beheld
| 看;注视;把...视为 |
bend
|
bent
|
bent
| 使弯曲;使屈服;使致力;使朝向 |
bereave
|
bereaved,bereft
|
bereaved,bereft
| 使……失去;使……孤寂 |
beseech
|
besought,beseeched
|
besought,beseeched
| vt. 恳求,哀求;乞求,急切地要求得到 |
beset
|
beset
|
beset
| 困扰;镶嵌;围绕 |
bespeak
|
bespoke
|
bespoken,bespoke
| 表示;预约;证明;预示;显示 |
bespread
|
bespread
|
bespread
| 铺满;铺盖;广铺 |
bestrew
|
bestrewed
|
bestrewed,bestrewn
| 布满;散布 |
bestride
|
bestrode
|
bestridden,bestrid,bestrode
| 跨骑 |
bet
|
bet,betted
|
bet,betted
| 打赌,赌注;被打赌的事物 |
betake
|
betook
|
betaken
| 使致力于;专心于;使前往 |
bethink
|
bethought
|
bethought
| 想起,忆起;使……思考;使……考虑 |
bid
|
bade,bid
|
bidden,bid
| 出价;叫牌;努力争取 |
bide
|
bode,bided
|
bided
| 等待;面临;禁得起 |
bind
|
bound
|
bound
| .捆绑;困境;讨厌的事情;植物的藤蔓 |
bite
|
bit
|
bitten,bit
| 咬;一口;咬伤;刺痛 |
bleed
|
bled
|
bled
| 使出血;榨取/流血;渗出;悲痛 |
blend
|
blended,blent
|
blended,blent
| 混合;掺合物 |
bless
|
blessed,blest
|
blessed,blest
| 祝福;保佑;赞美 |
blow
|
blew
|
blown
| 吹;打击;殴打 |
break
|
broke
|
broken
| 打破;折断;弄坏;削弱 |
breed
|
bred
|
bred
| 繁殖;饲养;养育,教育;引起 |
bring
|
brought
|
brought
| 带来;促使;引起;某人处于某种情况或境地 |
broadcast
|
broadcast,broadcasted
|
broadcast,broadcasted
| 播送,播放;(无线电或电视)广播;播撒(种子 |
browbeat
|
browbeat
|
browbeaten
| 恫吓,吓唬;欺侮 |
build
|
built
|
built
| 建筑;建造 |
burn
|
burnt,burned
|
burnt,burned
| 燃烧;烧毁,灼伤;激起…的愤怒 |
burst
|
burst
|
burst
| 爆发,突发;爆炸 |
buy
|
bought
|
bought
| 购买;获得;贿赂 |
can
|
could
|
-
| 能; 能够; 可以; 可能 |
cast
|
cast
|
cast
| 投,抛;计算;浇铸;投射(光、影、视线等 |
catch
|
caught
|
caught
| 赶上;抓住;感染;了解 |
chide
|
chid,chided
|
chid,chidden,chided
| 责骂;斥责 |
choose
|
chose
|
chosen
| 选择,决定 |
cleave
|
cleaved,cleft,clove
|
cleaved,cleft
| 砍开;使分开;打通 |
cleave
|
clave
|
cloven
| 裂开;披荆斩棘地前进;粘住;坚持 |
cling
|
clung
|
clung
| 坚持,墨守;紧贴;附着 |
clothe
|
clothed,clad
|
clothed,clad
| 给…穿衣;覆盖;赋予 |
come
|
came
|
come
| 来;开始;出现;发生;变成;到达 |
cost
|
cost
|
cost
| 花费;使付出;使花许多钱 |
creep
|
crept
|
crept
| 爬行;蔓延;慢慢地移动;起鸡皮疙瘩 |
crow
|
crowed,crew
|
crowed
| 啼叫;报晓 |
cut
|
cut
|
cut
| [机] 切割;削减;缩短;刺痛 |
dare
|
dared,durst
|
dared
| 敢;胆敢 |
deal
|
dealt
|
dealt
| 处理;给予;分配;发牌 |
die
|
died
|
died
| 死亡;凋零;熄灭 |
dig
|
dug
|
dug
| 挖,掘;探究 |
dispread
|
dispread
|
dispread
| 向四方张开;展开 |
do
|
did
|
done
| 做;工作;有用(does是do的第三人称单数形式) |
draw
|
drew
|
drawn
| 拉;拖 |
dream
|
dreamed,dreamt
|
dreamed,dreamt
| 梦想;做梦;想到 |
drink
|
drank
|
drunk
| 喝,饮;吸收;举杯庆贺 |
drive
|
drove
|
driven
| vt. 推动,发动(机器等);驾驶(马车,汽车等);驱赶 |
dwell
|
dwelt,dwelled
|
dwelt,dwelled
| 居住;存在于;细想某事 |
eat
|
ate
|
eaten
| 吃,喝;腐蚀;烦扰 |
fall
|
fell
|
fallen
| 落下;变成;来临;减弱 |
feed
|
fed
|
fed
| 喂养;供给;放牧;抚养(家庭等);靠…为生 |
feel
|
felt
|
felt
| 觉得;摸索 |
fight
|
fought
|
fought
| 打架;与…打仗,与…斗争;反对…提案 |
find
|
found
|
found
| 查找,找到;发现;认为;感到;获得 |
flee
|
fled
|
fled
| 逃走;消失,消散 |
fling
|
flung
|
flung
| 掷,抛;嘲笑;使陷入;轻蔑地投射;猛动 |
fly
|
flew
|
flown
| 飞;驾驶飞机;飘扬 |
flee
|
fled
|
fled
| 逃走(flee的过去分词);消逝 |
fly
|
flied
|
flied
| 为fly的过去式及过去分词;打出高飞球 |
forbear
|
forbore
|
forborne
| 忍耐;克制 |
forbid
|
forbade,forbad
|
forbidden
| 禁止;不准;不允许;〈正式〉严禁 |
forecast
|
forecast,forecasted
|
forecast,forecasted
| 预报,预测;预示 |
fordo
|
fordid
|
fordone
| 毁灭;杀死(等于foredo) |
forego
|
forewent
|
foregone
| 放弃;居先;在……之前 |
foreknow
|
foreknew
|
foreknown
| 预见;预知;先知 |
forerun
|
foreran
|
forerun
| 预示;预告;走在…之前 |
foresee
|
foresaw
|
foreseen
| 预见;预知 |
foreshow
|
foreshowed
|
foreshown
| 预示 |
foretell
|
foretold
|
foretold
| 预言;预示;预告 |
forget
|
forgot
|
forgotten,forgot
| . 忘记;忽略 |
forgive
|
forgave
|
forgiven
| 原谅;免除(债务、义务等) |
forsake
|
forsook
|
forsaken
| 放弃;断念 |
forswear
|
forswore
|
forsworn
| 发誓抛弃 |
freeze
|
froze
|
frozen
| 使…冻住;使…结冰 |
gainsay
|
gainsaid
|
gainsaid
| 反驳;否定 |
get
|
got
|
got,gotten
| 使得;获得;受到;变成 |
gild
|
gilded,gilt
|
gilded
| 镀金;虚饰;供给钱 |
gird
|
girded,girt
|
girded,girt
| 束缚;佩带;做准备 |
give
|
gave
|
given
| 给;产生;让步;举办;授予 |
go
|
went
|
gone
| 去;进行;尝试 |
grave
|
graved
|
graven,graved
| 雕刻;铭记 |
grind
|
ground
|
ground
| 磨碎;磨快 |
grow
|
grew
|
grown
| 使生长;种植;扩展 |
hamstring
|
hamstringed,hamstrung
|
hamstringed,hamstrung
| 切断腿筋使成跛腿;使残废 |
hang
|
hung
|
hung
| 悬着,垂下;悬而不决 |
hang
|
hanged
|
hanged
| 绞死 |
have
|
had
|
had
| 有;让;拿;从事;允许 |
hear
|
heard
|
heard
| 听到,听;听说;审理 |
heave
|
heaved,hove
|
heaved,hove
| 举起;使起伏;投掷;恶心;发出(叹息等) |
hew
|
hewed
|
hewed,hewn
| 劈;砍倒 |
hide
|
hid
|
hidden,hid
| 隐藏;隐瞒;鞭打 |
hit
|
hit
|
hit
| 打击;袭击;碰撞;偶然发现;伤…的感情 |
hold
|
held
|
held
| 持有;拥有;保存;拘留;约束或控制 |
hurt
|
hurt
|
hurt
| 使受伤;损害;使疼痛;使痛心 |
inlay
|
inlaid
|
inlaid
| 把…嵌入,把…镶入 |
keep
|
kept
|
kept
| 保持;经营;遵守;饲养 |
kneel
|
knelt,kneeled
|
knelt,kneeled
| 跪下,跪 |
knit
|
knitted,knit
|
knitted,knit
| 编织;结合 |
know
|
knew
|
known
| 知道;认识;懂得 |
lade
|
laded
|
laded,laden
| 装载;装(船) |
lay
|
laid
|
laid
| 躺下;产卵;搁放;放置;铺放;涂,敷 |
lead
|
led
|
led
| 领导;致使;引导;指挥 |
lean
|
leaned,leant
|
leaned,leant
| 使倾斜 |
leap
|
leapt,leaped
|
leapt,leaped
| 跳跃,跳过;使跃过 |
learn
|
learnt,learned
|
learnt,learned
| 学习;得知;认识到 |
leave
|
left
|
left
| 离开;留下;遗忘;委托 |
lend
|
lent
|
lent
| 贷;增添,提供;把……借给 |
let
|
let
|
let
| 允许,让;出租;假设;妨碍 |
lie
|
lay
|
lain
| 躺下;产卵;搁放;放置;铺放;涂,敷 |
lie
|
lied
|
lied
| 谎骗 |
light
|
lit
|
lit
| 照亮;点燃;着火 |
light
|
lighted
|
lighted
| 照亮;点燃;着火 |
lose
|
lost
|
lost
| 浪费;使沉溺于;使迷路;遗失;错过 |
make
|
made
|
made
| 使得;进行;布置,准备,整理;制造;认为;获得;形成;安排;引起;构成 |
may
|
might
|
might
| 可以,能够;可能,也许;祝,愿;会,能 |
mean
|
meant
|
meant
| 意味;想要;意欲 |
meet
|
met
|
met
| 满足;遇见;对付 |
melt
|
melted
|
melted,melten
| 使融化;使熔化;使软化;使感动 |
misdeal
|
misdealt
|
misdealt
| misdeal |
misgive
|
misgave
|
misgiven
| 使怀疑;使担心 |
mislay
|
mislaid
|
mislaid
| 放错;遗失 |
mislead
|
misled
|
misled
| 误导;带错 |
mistake
|
mistook
|
mistaken
| 弄错;误解 |
misunderstand
|
misunderstood
|
misunderstood
| 误解;误会 |
mow
|
mowed
|
mowed,mown
| 割草;收割庄稼 |
must
|
must
|
must
| 必须,一定;可以,应当;很可能 |
ought
|
ought
|
ought
| 应该,应当;大概 |
outbid
|
outbade,outbid
|
outbidden,outbid
| 在开价上战胜;出价高于 |
outbreed
|
outbred
|
outbred
| 使远系繁殖 |
outdo
|
outdid
|
outdone
| 超过;胜过 |
outeat
|
outate
|
outeaten
| 吃得比…多 |
outfight
|
outfought
|
outfought
| 打败;战胜 |
outgo
|
outwent
|
outgone
| 支出;超过 |
outgrow
|
outgrew
|
outgrown
| 过大而不适于;出生;长大成熟而不再 |
outlay
|
outlaid
|
outlaid
| 花费 |
outride
|
outrode
|
outridden
| 较…骑得更好;安然度过风暴 |
outrun
|
outran
|
outrun
| 超过;跑得比…快;从…逃脱 |
outsell
|
outsold
|
outsold
| 卖得比…多 |
outshine
|
outshone
|
outshone
| 使相形见绌;胜过;比…更亮 |
outshoot
|
outshot
|
outshot
| 发射;冲出 |
outsit
|
outsat
|
outsat
| 比…坐得更久;坐得超过…时间限度 |
outspend
|
outspent
|
outspent
| 开支比…更大 |
outspread
|
outspread
|
outspread
| 使扩张;使展开;使伸展 |
outthrow
|
outthrew
|
outthrown
| 扔出;抛出 |
outthrust
|
outthrust
|
outthrust
| 使突出;使冲出 |
outwear
|
outwore
|
outworn
| 穿破,穿坏;比…经久耐用;用旧;使筋疲力尽 |
overbear
|
overbore
|
overborne
| 压服;克服 |
overbid
|
overbid
|
overbidden,overbid
| 报谎价;出价较…为高 |
overblow
|
overblew
|
overblown
| 吹散,吹落;夸张,过分渲染 |
overbuild
|
overbuilt
|
overbuilt
| 建造过多;建造在...上面 |
overbuy
|
overbought
|
overbought
| 过度购买;过多地买 |
overcast
|
overcast
|
overcast
| 使沮丧;包缝;遮蔽 |
overcome
|
overcame
|
overcome
| 克服;胜过 |
overdo
|
overdid
|
overdone
| 把…做得过分;使过于疲劳;对…表演过火;夸张 |
overdraw
|
overdrew
|
overdrawn
| 透支;拉过度;夸张 |
overdrive
|
overdrove
|
overdriven
| 驱使过度;虐待;工作过度 |
overeat
|
overate
|
overeaten
|
使吃过量
[第三人称单数 overeats 过去式 overate 过去分词 overeaten 现在分词 overeating]
|
overfeed
|
overfed
|
overfed
| 给…喂得太多 |
overfly
|
overflew
|
overflown
| 飞越 |
overgrow
|
overgrew
|
overgrown
| 长满于;长得超过 |
overhang
|
overhung
|
overhung
| 悬于…之上;(危险、邪恶等)逼近 |
overhear
|
overheard
|
overheard
| 无意中听到;偷听 |
overlade
|
overladed
|
overladed,overladen
| 使超载,使装载过多;使负载过重;使负担过重 |
overlay
|
overlaid
|
overlaid
| 在表面上铺一薄层,镀 |
overleap
|
overleapt,overleaped
|
overleapt,overleaped
| 越过;跳过;忽略 |
overlie
|
overlay
|
overlain
| . 躺在…上面;覆在…上面;压在(婴儿、幼仔)身上使之窒息而死 |
overpay
|
overpaid
|
overpaid
| 多付;多给报酬 |
override
|
overrode
|
overridden
| 推翻;不顾;践踏 |
overrun
|
overran
|
overrun
| 泛滥;超过;蹂躏 |
oversee
|
oversaw
|
overseen
| 监督;审查;俯瞰;偷看到,无意中看到 |
oversell
|
oversold
|
oversold
| 销售过多 |
overset
|
overset
|
overset
| . 打翻;推翻;颠覆;为…排版过密 |
oversew
|
oversewed
|
oversewed,oversewn
| 缝合;锁边 |
overshoot
|
overshot
|
overshot
| 超越;打过头;把…做过头 |
oversleep
|
overslept
|
overslept
| 使睡过头 |
overspend
|
overspent
|
overspent
| 超支;过度使用;花费过多 |
overspread
|
overspread
|
overspread
| 蔓延;铺满 |
overtake
|
overtook
|
overtaken
| 赶上;压倒;突然来袭 |
overthrow
|
overthrew
|
overthrown
| 推翻;打倒;倾覆 |
overwind
|
overwound
|
overwound
| 旋得太紧 |
overwrite
|
overwrote
|
overwritten
| 重写;写得过多;重叠写在…上面 |
partake
|
partook
|
partaken
| 分担;分享 |
pay
|
paid
|
paid
| 支付,付;偿还,补偿;给予 |
precast
|
precast
|
precast
| 预制;预浇制 |
prechoose
|
prechose
|
prechosen
| 预选,预先选择: |
prove
|
proved
|
proved,proven
| 证明;检验;显示 |
put
|
put
|
put
| 表达;移动;安置;赋予 |
quit
|
quitted,quit
|
quitted,quit
| 离开;放弃;停止;使…解除 |
read
|
read
|
read
| 阅读;读懂,理解 |
reave
|
reaved,reft
|
reaved,reft
| 抢走,劫掠;剥夺 |
rebuild
|
rebuilt
|
rebuilt
| 重建;改造,重新组装;复原 |
recast
|
recast
|
recast
| 重铸;彻底改动 |
reeve
|
rove,reeved
|
rove,reeved
| 把绳索穿过 |
relay
|
relaid
|
relaid
| 转播;使接替;分程传递 |
rend
|
rent
|
rent
| 撕碎;分裂;强夺 |
repay
|
repaid
|
repaid
| 回报;报复;付还 |
reset
|
reset
|
reset
| 重置;重新设定;重新组合 |
retell
|
retold
|
retold
| 复述;再讲;重述 |
rid
|
rid,ridded
|
rid,ridded
| 使摆脱;使去掉 |
ride
|
rode
|
ridden
| 骑;乘;控制;(骑马、自行车等)穿越;搭乘;飘浮 |
ring
|
rang
|
rung
| 按铃;包围;敲钟;套住 |
rise
|
rose
|
risen
| 使…飞起;使…浮上水面 |
rive
|
riven
|
riven,rived
| 猛地劈开[撕开]; |
run
|
ran
|
run
| 管理,经营;运行;参赛 |
saw
|
sawed
|
sawn,sawed
| 看见;明白,了解;锯;锯成;锯 |
say
|
said
|
said
| 讲;说明;例如;声称;假设;指明 |
see
|
saw
|
seen
| . 看见;理解;领会 |
seek
|
sought
|
sought
| 寻求;寻找;探索;搜索 |
sell
|
sold
|
sold
| 销售;推销;出卖;欺骗 |
send
|
sent
|
sent
| 发送,寄;派遣;使进入;发射 |
set
|
set
|
set
| 树立;点燃;点缀; |
sew
|
sewed
|
sewn,sewed
| 缝合,缝上;缝纫 |
shake
|
shook
|
shaken
| 动摇;摇动;震动;握手 |
shall
|
should
|
-
| 应;会;将;必须 |
shave
|
shaved
|
shaved,shaven
| 剃,削去;修剪;切成薄片;掠 |
shear
|
sheared
|
shorn,sheared
| 剪;修剪;剥夺 |
shed
|
shed
|
shed
| 流出;摆脱;散发;倾吐 |
shine
|
shone,shined
|
shone,shined
| 照射,擦亮;把…的光投向;(口)通过擦拭使…变得有光泽或光 |
shoe
|
shod,shoed
|
shod,shoed
| 给……穿上鞋;穿……鞋 |
shoot
|
shot
|
shot
| 射击,射中;拍摄;发芽;使爆炸;给…注射 |
show
|
showed
|
shown,showed
| 显示;说明;演出;展出 |
shred
|
shredded,shred
|
shredded,shred
| 切成条状;用碎纸机撕毁 |
shrink
|
shrank,shrunk
|
shrunk,shrunken
| 使缩小,使收缩 |
shrive
|
shrove,shrived
|
shriven,shrived
| 听忏悔后赦免 |
shut
|
shut
|
shut
| 关闭;停业;幽禁 |
sing
|
sang,sung
|
sung
| 唱;用诗赞颂;唱着使 |
sink
|
sank,sunk
|
sunk,sunken
| 使下沉;挖掘;使低落 |
sit
|
sat
|
sat
| 使就座 |
slay
|
slew
|
slain
| 杀害,杀死;使禁不住大笑 |
sleep
|
slept
|
slept
| 睡,睡觉 |
slide
|
slid
|
slid,slidden
| 滑动;使滑动;悄悄地迅速放置 |
sling
|
slung
|
slung
| 用投石器投掷;吊起 |
slink
|
slunk
|
slunk
| 早产;潜逃 |
slit
|
slit
|
slit
| 撕裂;使有狭缝 |
smell
|
smelt,smelled
|
smelt,smelled
| 嗅,闻;察觉到;发出…的气味 |
smite
|
smote
|
smitten,smote
| 打;重击;毁灭;侵袭;使神魂颠倒 |
sow
|
sowed
|
sown,sowed
| 播种;散布;使密布 |
speak
|
spoke
|
spoken
| 讲话;发言;讲演 |
speed
|
sped,speeded
|
sped,speeded
| 加快…的速度;使成功,使繁荣 |
spell
|
spelt,spelled
|
spelt,spelled
| 拼,拼写;意味着;招致;拼成;迷住;轮值 |
spend
|
spent
|
spent
| 度过,消磨(时光);花费;浪费;用尽 |
spill
|
spilt,spilled
|
spilt,spilled
| 使溢出,使流出;使摔下 |
spin
|
spun
|
spun
| 使旋转;纺纱;编造;结网 |
spit
|
spat,spit
|
spat,spit
| 吐,吐出;发出;发射 |
split
|
split
|
split
| 分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解 |
spoil
|
spoilt,spoiled
|
spoilt,spoiled
| 溺爱;糟蹋;破坏;掠夺 |
spread
|
spread
|
spread
| 传播,散布;展开;伸展;铺开 |
spring
|
sprang,sprung
|
sprung
| 使跳起;使爆炸;突然提出;使弹开 |
stand
|
stood
|
stood
| 使站立;忍受;抵抗 |
stave
|
staved,stove
|
staved,stove
| 延缓;击穿;凿孔于;压扁 |
steal
|
stole
|
stolen
| 剽窃;偷偷地做;偷窃 |
stick
|
stuck
|
stuck
| 刺,戳;伸出;粘贴 |
sting
|
stung
|
stung
| 刺;驱使;使…苦恼;使…疼痛 |
stink
|
stank,stunk
|
stunk
| 使发出臭气;用臭味驱赶 |
strew
|
strewed
|
strewn,strewed
| 散播;撒满 |
stride
|
strode
|
stridden,strid
| 跨过;大踏步走过;跨坐在… |
strike
|
struck
|
struck,stricken
| 打,击;罢工;撞击,冲击;侵袭;打动;到达 |
string
|
strung
|
strung
| 线,弦,细绳;一串,一行 |
strive
|
strove,strived
|
striven,strived
| 努力;奋斗;抗争 |
swear
|
swore
|
sworn
| 发誓;咒骂 |
sweat
|
sweat,sweated
|
sweat,sweated
| 使出汗;流出;使干苦活;剥削;藉出汗减轻;焦急地期待 |
sweep
|
swept
|
swept
| 扫除;猛拉;掸去 |
swell
|
swelled
|
swollen,swelled
| 使膨胀;使隆起 |
swim
|
swam
|
swum
| 游过;使浮起 |
swing
|
swung
|
swung
| 使旋转;挥舞;悬挂 |
take
|
took
|
taken
| 拿,取;采取;接受(礼物等);买,花费;耗费(时间等 |
teach
|
taught
|
taught
| 教;教授;教导 |
tear
|
tore
|
torn
| 撕掉, 扯下, 扰乱 |
tell
|
told
|
told
| 告诉,说;辨别;吩咐;断定 |
think
|
thought
|
thought
| 想;认为;想起;想像;打算 |
thrive
|
throve,thrived
|
thriven,thrived
| 繁荣,兴旺;茁壮成长 |
throw
|
threw
|
thrown
| 投;抛;掷 |
thrust
|
thrust
|
thrust
| 插;插入;推挤 |
tread
|
trod
|
trodden,trod
| 踏;踩;践踏;跳;踩出 |
unbend
|
unbent
|
unbent
| 弄直;使松弛;卸下 |
unbind
|
unbound
|
unbound
| 解开;解放 |
unbuild
|
unbuilt
|
unbuilt
| 拆毁;摧毁;消磁 |
underbid
|
underbid
|
underbidden,underbid
| 出价低于…;出较低的价钱 |
underbuy
|
underbought
|
underbought
|
购货不足,买得比定价便宜
|
undercut
|
undercut
|
undercut
| 廉价出售;较便宜的工资工作;从下边削球 |
underdo
|
underdid
|
underdone
| 不尽全力做;使煮得嫩 |
underfeed
|
underfed
|
underfed
| 未喂饱;不充分供料 |
undergo
|
underwent
|
undergone
| 经历,经受;忍受 |
underlay
|
underlaid
|
underlaid
| 垫起;从下面支撑 |
underlet
|
underlet
|
underlet
| 分租;转租;廉价出租 |
underlie
|
underlay
|
underlain
| 成为……的基础;位于……之下 |
underpay
|
underpaid
|
underpaid
| 少付…工资;付给…不足额的工资 |
underrun
|
underran
|
underrun
| 从下面通过;交互边拉边检查 |
undersell
|
undersold
|
undersold
| 以低于…的价格出售(undersell过去式和过去分词) |
underset
|
underset
|
underset
| 放在…下面;支撑 |
undershoot
|
undershot
|
undershot
| 脱靶;未达到目标;飞机未抵达跑道即著陆 |
understand
|
understood
|
understood
| 理解;懂;获悉;推断;省略 |
undertake
|
undertook
|
undertaken
| 承担,保证;从事;同意;试图 |
underwrite
|
underwrote
|
underwritten
| 给...保险;承诺支付;签在...下 |
undo
|
undid
|
undone
| 取消;解开;破坏;扰乱 |
undraw
|
undrew
|
undrawn
| 拉开,扯开 |
unfreeze
|
unfroze
|
unfrozen
| 解冻;解除对…的控制;融化 |
ungird
|
ungirded,ungirt
|
ungirded,ungirt
| 松带;解带 |
unhang
|
unhung
|
unhung
| 从……取下悬挂物 |
unknit
|
unknitted,unknit
|
unknitted,unknit
| 解开;平整;拆开 |
unlade
|
unladed
|
unladed,unladen
| 卸下 |
unlay
|
unlaid
|
unlaid
| 拆开 |
unlearn
|
unlearnt,unlearned
|
unlearnt,unlearned
| 忘却;抛掉以前的想法;去掉…的弊习 |
unmake
|
unmade
|
unmade
| 使恢复原状;使消失;撤回;毁灭;改变 |
unreeve
|
unrove,unreeved
|
unrove,unreeved
|
从孔中拉回(绳索)将绳索退出(滑轮等
|
unsay
|
unsaid
|
unsaid
| 撤回,收回;取消 |
unset
|
unset
|
unset
| 使……移动;扰乱;[计] 复原 |
unsling
|
unslung
|
unslung
| 自吊索上放下;由悬挂处取下;取去吊索 |
unspeak
|
unspoke
|
unspoken
| 取消前言;撤回,取消 |
unstick
|
unstuck
|
unstuck
| 分开;扯开 |
unstring
|
unstrung
|
unstrung
| 解开;使衰弱;把弦解下 |
unswear
|
unswore
|
unsworn
| 毁弃誓言 |
unteach
|
untaught
|
untaught
| 使忘却;教相反的事物;证明…的虚伪 |
unthink
|
unthought
|
unthought
| 不想;置…于脑后 |
untread
|
untrod
|
untrodden,untrod
| 折回;退回 |
unweave
|
unwove
|
unwoven
| 解开;拆开 |
unwind
|
unwound
|
unwound
| 放松;解开;[计] 展开 |
upbuild
|
upbuilt
|
upbuilt
| 放松;解开;[计] 展开 |
upcast
|
upcast
|
upcast
| 向上投掷之物;上抛;排气竖坑 |
uphold
|
upheld
|
upheld
| 支撑;鼓励;赞成;举起 |
uppercut
|
uppercut
|
uppercut
| 用上钩拳击 |
uprise
|
uprose
|
uprisen
| 起义;上升;起床 |
upset
|
upset
|
upset
| 使心烦;颠覆;扰乱 |
upsweep
|
upswept
|
upswept
| 向上弯曲;活泼化;拢上去的头发 |
upswing
|
upswung
|
upswung
| 提高;回升;向上摆动 |
wake
|
waked,woke
|
waked,woken,woke
| 叫醒;激发 |
waylay
|
waylaid
|
waylaid
| . 伏击;埋伏 |
wear
|
wore
|
worn
| 穿着;用旧;耗损;面露 |
weave
|
wove
|
woven
| 编织;编排;使迂回前进 |
wed
|
wedded,wed
|
wedded,wed
| 与...结婚;娶;嫁 |
weep
|
wept
|
wept
| 哭泣;流泪;悲叹;流出或渗出液体 |
weigh
|
weighed
|
weighed
| 权衡;考虑;称…重量 |
wet
|
wetted,wet
|
wetted,wet
| 弄湿 |
will
|
would
|
-
| 决心要;遗赠;用意志力使 |
win
|
won
|
won
| 赢得;在…中获胜;劝诱 |
wind
|
winded,wound
|
winded,wound
| 缠绕;上发条;使弯曲;吹号角;绕住或缠住某人 |
wit
|
wist
|
wist
| 智慧;才智;智力 |
withdraw
|
withdrew
|
withdrawn
| 撤退;收回;撤消;拉开 |
withhold
|
withheld
|
withheld
| 保留,不给;隐瞒;抑制 |
withstand
|
withstood
|
withstood
| 抵挡;禁得起;反抗 |
work
|
worked
|
worked
| 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进 |
work
|
wrought
|
wrought
| 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进 |
wring
|
wrung
|
wrung
| 拧;绞;紧握;使痛苦;折磨 |
write
|
wrote
|
written
| 写,书写;写信给;著述 |