我个人理解服务契约是一组公开的操作,其中公开的操作(OperationContract)只能定义在方法(Method)上。对于我们要公开的服务我们可以在接口或者类上加上标识ServiceContract。但是我们一般情况下,会把ServiceContract定义在接口上而不是类上,这样有几个好处:
1.方便契约的继承,不同的类型可以去实现相同的契约,重用性高。
2.同一服务可以去实现多个契约。
3.可以随时去修改服务类型,而不需去修改接口。
下面定义一个服务的契约:
using
System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract]
int Add(int x, int y);
}
}
我们在上面首先定义了一个接口名称为:ICalucator,然后我们要将这个接口公开为服务契约在上面加上属性标识[ServiceContract],其中Name可以为契约指定别名,这样的话,如果我们在客户端遇到相同的接口时可以通过Name来制定别名区别开来。公开的操作为Add方法,在上面标识[OperationContract]即可。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract]
int Add(int x, int y);
}
}
二、方法的重载
按照我们正常的方法去重载的话,只需要方法的参数不同(个数、类型)就可以实现方法的重载。但是我们在服务契约的定义的时候是不能怎样的,wdsl是编译同不过的如:
using
System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract]
int Add(int x, int y);
[OperationContract]
double Add(double x, double y);
}
}
上面的方法是编译不能通过的。但是我们有一种解决的办法可以去解决这样的问题,就是通过OperationContract的Name属性来设定方法的别名是实现方法的重载。如:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract]
int Add(int x, int y);
[OperationContract]
double Add(double x, double y);
}
}
using
System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract(Name="IntAdd")]
int Add(int x, int y);
[OperationContract(Name="DoubleAdd")]
double Add(double x, double y);
}
}
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract(Name="Service_Calucator",Namespace="Henllyee")]
public interface ICalucator
{
[OperationContract(Name="IntAdd")]
int Add(int x, int y);
[OperationContract(Name="DoubleAdd")]
double Add(double x, double y);
}
}
下面我们通过数据元的方式来配置一个宿主主机,我们添加一个控制台的程序,通过配置App.Config来实现。
在App.Config中:
<?
xml version
=
"
1.0
"
encoding
=
"
utf-8
"
?>
< configuration >
< system.serviceModel >
< services >
< service name = " Service.Calucator " behaviorConfiguration = " mex " >
< host >
< baseAddresses >
< add baseAddress = " http://localhost:8888 " />
</ baseAddresses >
</ host >
< endpoint address = " Calucator " binding = " basicHttpBinding " contract = " Service.ICalucator " ></ endpoint >
</ service >
</ services >
< behaviors >
< serviceBehaviors >
< behavior name = " mex " >
< serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled = " true " />
</ behavior >
</ serviceBehaviors >
</ behaviors >
</ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >
在主程序中:
< configuration >
< system.serviceModel >
< services >
< service name = " Service.Calucator " behaviorConfiguration = " mex " >
< host >
< baseAddresses >
< add baseAddress = " http://localhost:8888 " />
</ baseAddresses >
</ host >
< endpoint address = " Calucator " binding = " basicHttpBinding " contract = " Service.ICalucator " ></ endpoint >
</ service >
</ services >
< behaviors >
< serviceBehaviors >
< behavior name = " mex " >
< serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled = " true " />
</ behavior >
</ serviceBehaviors >
</ behaviors >
</ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >
using
System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Service;
namespace Host
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ServiceHost host = null;
try
{
host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Calucator));
host.Open();
Console.Write("Host is opening now! Press any key to stop");
Console.Read();
}
finally
{
host.Close();
}
}
}
}
然后我们启动主机,在浏览器中输入地址:
http://localhost:8888/?wsdl 。我们可以看到:using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Service;
namespace Host
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ServiceHost host = null;
try
{
host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Calucator));
host.Open();
Console.Write("Host is opening now! Press any key to stop");
Console.Read();
}
finally
{
host.Close();
}
}
}
}
我们可以看到wsdl编译时已经将名称编译成为了我们Name中定义的别名。