c++求tsp问题_题型 | 解三角形--最值问题

equation?tex=%5Ctriangle+ABC 中,
equation?tex=a%3D2%EF%BC%8CA%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D

(1)求

equation?tex=%5Ctriangle+ABC 面积的取值范围

(2)求

equation?tex=%5Ctriangle+ABC 周长的取值范围

(3)求

equation?tex=2b%2B3c 的最大值

(1)求面积的最值

法一:(余弦定理+基本不等式)

equation?tex=cosA%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%5E2%2Bc%5E2-4%7D%7B2bc%7D ,整理得:
equation?tex=b%5E2%2Bc%5E2-4%3Dbc

(注意到我们的目标是面积

equation?tex=S%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DbcsinA%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B4%7Dbc ,需要的是
equation?tex=bc

利用均值不等式

equation?tex=b%5E2%2Bc%5E2-4%3Dbc%5Cgeq2bc-4

equation?tex=bc%5Cleq4
equation?tex=S%5Cleq%5Csqrt%7B3%7D (当且仅当
equation?tex=b%3Dc 时取等号)

法二:(正弦定理+诱导公式+降幂公式+辅助角公式+

equation?tex=Asin%28%5Comega+x%2B%5Cvarphi%29 的值域问题)

根据正弦定理有:

equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7BsinA%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%7D%7BsinB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bc%7D%7BsinC%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D

equation?tex=b%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinB%EF%BC%9Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinC

equation?tex=S%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DbcsinA%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B4%7D%5Ccdot%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinB%5Ccdot%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinC%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinBsinC

因为

equation?tex=sinB%3Dsin%28A%2BC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DsinC

equation?tex=sinBsinC%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DsinCcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dsin%5E2C%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B4%7Dsin+2C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7Dcos2C%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dsin%282C-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D

equation?tex=2C-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B2%7D ,即
equation?tex=C%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D 时取得最大值
equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B4%7D

所以面积

equation?tex=S%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinBsinC%5Cleq%5Csqrt%7B3%7D

总结:可以明显的看出,方法一要比方法二简单很多。求面积的最值用余弦定理


(2)求周长的最值

法一:(余弦定理+基本不等式的变式)

equation?tex=cosA%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%5E2%2Bc%5E2-4%7D%7B2bc%7D ,整理得:
equation?tex=b%5E2%2Bc%5E2-4%3Dbc

(注意到我们的目标是面积

equation?tex=C%3Da%2Bb%2Bc%3D2%2Bb%2Bc ,需要的是
equation?tex=b%2Bc

配方得到

equation?tex=%28b%2Bc%29%5E2-4%3D3bc

根据基本不等式的变形

equation?tex=bc%5Cleq%28%5Cfrac%7Bb%2Bc%7D%7B2%7D%29%5E2 代入化简

得到

equation?tex=b%2Bc%5Cleq4 ,周长
equation?tex=C%5Cleq6 (当且仅当
equation?tex=b%3Dc 时取等号)

注意到隐含条件

equation?tex=b%2Bc%3Ea%3D2 ,所以最终答案为
equation?tex=4%3CC%5Cleq6

法二:(正弦定理+诱导公式+辅助角公式+

equation?tex=Asin%28%5Comega+x%2B%5Cvarphi%29
的值域问题)
根据正弦定理有:
equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7BsinA%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%7D%7BsinB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bc%7D%7BsinC%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D

equation?tex=b%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinB%EF%BC%9Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinC

equation?tex=C%3Da%2Bb%2Bc%3D2%2B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28sinB%2BsinC%29
因为
equation?tex=sinB%3Dsin%28A%2BC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DsinC

所以

equation?tex=sinB%2BsinC%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7DsinC%3D%5Csqrt%7B3%7Dsin%28C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29

又因为

equation?tex=C%5Csubset%280%2C%5Cpi%29 ,
equation?tex=C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%5Csubset%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B7%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29

所以

equation?tex=%5Csqrt%7B3%7Dsin%28C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29%5Csubset%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%5D ,当
equation?tex=C%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D 时取最大值

代入周长

equation?tex=C%3D2%2B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28sinB%2BsinC%29%5Csubset%284%2C6%5D

总结:对比之下,法一还是较简单于法二,但是如果再多一些限制,法一就不能用了

比如:锐角

equation?tex=%5Ctriangle+ABC 中,
equation?tex=a%3D2%EF%BC%8CA%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D (多了个锐角三角形的限制)

法一:没法求最小值

法二:

根据正弦定理有:
equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7BsinA%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%7D%7BsinB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bc%7D%7BsinC%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D

equation?tex=b%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinB%EF%BC%9Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinC
equation?tex=C%3Da%2Bb%2Bc%3D2%2B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28sinB%2BsinC%29

因为
equation?tex=sinB%3Dsin%28A%2BC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DsinC

所以
equation?tex=sinB%2BsinC%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7DsinC%3D%5Csqrt%7B3%7Dsin%28C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29

又因为

equation?tex=C%5Csubset%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B2%7D%29
,
equation?tex=C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%5Csubset%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D%2C%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D%29

所以

equation?tex=%5Csqrt%7B3%7Dsin%28C%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B6%7D%29%5Csubset%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%2C%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%5D ,当
equation?tex=C%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B3%7D 时取最大值

代入周长

equation?tex=C%3D2%2B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28sinB%2BsinC%29%5Csubset%282%2B2%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%2C6%5D

因此我建议,求周长的最值用正弦定理


(3)求

equation?tex=2b%2B3c 的最大值

只能用法二(正弦定理+诱导公式+辅助角公式+

equation?tex=Asin%28%5Comega+x%2B%5Cvarphi%29
的值域问题)
根据正弦定理有:
equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7BsinA%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%7D%7BsinB%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bc%7D%7BsinC%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7D%7D

equation?tex=b%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinB%EF%BC%9Bc%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7DsinC
equation?tex=C%3Da%2Bb%2Bc%3D2%2B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28sinB%2BsinC%29

因为
equation?tex=sinB%3Dsin%28A%2BC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B2%7DcosC%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DsinC

equation?tex=2b%2B3c%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%282sinB%2B3sinC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%28%5Csqrt%7B3%7DcosC%2B4sinC%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%5Ccdot%5Csqrt%7B19%7Dsin%28C%2B%5Cvarphi%29其中
equation?tex=tan%5Cvarphi%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%7D%7B4%7D

equation?tex=C%2B%5Cvarphi%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi%7D%7B2%7D 时,取得最大值
equation?tex=%5Cfrac%7B4%5Csqrt%7B57%7D%7D%7B3%7D

以上

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