python中不能使用索引运算_Python Pandas-为什么`in`运算符使用索引而不是数据？

I discovered the hard way that Pandas in operator, applied to Series operates on indices and not on the actual data:

In [1]: import pandas as pd

In [2]: x = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])

In [3]: x.index = [10, 20, 30]

In [4]: x

Out[4]:

10 1

20 2

30 3

dtype: int64

In [5]: 1 in x

Out[5]: False

In [6]: 10 in x

Out[6]: True

My intuition is that x series contains the number 1 and not the index 10, which is apparently wrong. What is the reason behind this behavior? Are the following approaches the best possible alternatives?

In [7]: 1 in set(x)

Out[7]: True

In [8]: 1 in list(x)

Out[8]: True

In [9]: 1 in x.values

Out[9]: True

UPDATE

I did some timings on my suggestions. It looks like x.values is the best way:

In [21]: x = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0, 100000, 1000))

In [22]: x.index = np.arange(900000, 900000 + 1000)

In [23]: x.tail()

Out[23]:

900995 88999

900996 13151

900997 25928

900998 36149

900999 97983

dtype: int64

In [24]: %timeit 36149 in set(x)

10000 loops, best of 3: 190 µs per loop

In [25]: %timeit 36149 in list(x)

1000 loops, best of 3: 638 µs per loop

In [26]: %timeit 36149 in (x.values)

100000 loops, best of 3: 6.86 µs per loop

解决方案

It is may be helpful to think of the pandas.Series as being a bit like a dictionary, where the index values are equivalent to the keys. Compare:

>>> d = {'a': 1}

>>> 1 in d

False

>>> 'a' in d

True

with:

>>> s = pandas.Series([1], index=['a'])

>>> 1 in s

False

>>> 'a' in s

True

However, note that iterating over the series iterates over the data, not the index, so list(s) would give [1], not ['a'].

Indeed, per the documentation, the index values "must be unique and hashable", so I'd guess there's a hashtable under there somewhere.